Office of Air and Radiation Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities July 2006

Innovative Programs  Trading and economic incentives  CAIR, CAMR  Acid Rain/NOx Budget Program  Voluntary Partnerships  Energy Star, Climate Leaders,…  Tools for Schools,…  Clean Schoolbus USA, Smart Way,…  Community-based programs, CARE (e.g. Charlotte, Cleveland)  Information-based programs -- e.g. AIRNOW, E-GRID, Green Vehicle Guide, PSAs  Early use of advanced technology -- e.g. low sulfur fuels, diesel retrofits, fuel cells, renewables  Regulatory flexibility – e.g., Early Action Compacts, Banking and Trading programs for engine manufacturers

The Air & Radiation Program The Federal Role Economic, air quality, and policy analysis Set national standards with states/locals/tribes implementing  e.g., NAAQS, toxic air pollutants Help states/locals/tribes attain standards with national programs  e.g., vehicle emission standards, acid rain program Partner with Indian Tribes  e.g., CAA treats tribes like states Provide tools for states, locals, tribes, and others  e.g., emission models, guidance, & grants Global program  e.g., stratospheric ozone, climate

4 Economic Growth and Emissions Decline

Power Plants are Significant Contributors to Public Health and Environmental Challenges Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides * Other stationary combustion includes residential and commercial sources. Mercury Electric Power (63%) Electric Power (22%) Electric Power (37%) Transportation Miscellaneous Electric power Other stationary combustion * Industrial Processing

Clear Skies Act: Caps and Timing 69%15 (2018) 26 (2010) 48Mercury (tons) 67%1.7 million (2018) 2.1 million (2008) 5 millionNitrogen Oxides (tons) 73%3 million (2018) 4.5 million (2010) 11 millionSulfur Dioxide (tons) Total Reductions at Full Implementation Phase 2 Cap Phase 1 CapEmissions (2000)

Major Reductions in SO 2 Emissions and Acid Rain SO 2 emissions from power plants down by 5.5 million tons since 1990 Acid rain reduced by 25 – 40% Wet Sulfate Deposition Average Wet Sulfate Deposition Average 2000 – Million Tons of SO 2 Actual Emissions Final Cap

Air Toxic Emissions

Mercury Challenges Nationally  60% of the mercury falling on the U.S. is coming from current U.S. man-made sources Internationally  Mercury is transported regionally and globally  Reducing deposition in the U.S. to acceptable levels requires collaboration between the U.S. and other countries to reduce emissions

Ozone Layer Protection Progress On track to save 6.3 M US lives and avoid 299 M non- fatal skin cancer and 27.5 M cataract incidences

President’s goal to improve GHG intensity by 18% by 2012 (GHG intensity = tons of GHG/$GDP) EPA's programs contribute:  45 mmtce* annually to intensity improvement goal by 2012  An additional 75 mmtce from sustained growth programs as reflected in the Administration’s baseline Climate Change: EPA Programs Produce Results Critical to Meeting President’s Goal * MMTCE = million metric tons of carbon equivalent

12 WSSD Partnership for Clean Indoor Air Launched by EPA and partners at WSSD in 2002  3.2 billion people use solid fuels for energy -- # growing  Over 1.6 million deaths per year  4 th worst health risk in poor developing countries (#11 overall) PCIA now has over 120 global partners 10 Pilot Projects in Asia, Africa, and Latin America  Reduce indoor smoke by 50-80%  Reduce fuel use by 50% or more  Demonstrate effective approaches, share lessons, and scale up

13 WSSD Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles WHO estimates urban air pollution leads to 800,000 premature deaths/year  In 2002, 88 countries still used lead in gasoline  Vehicles often contribute over 50% of urban air pollution. PCFV now has over 80 partners from 32 countries China: working with SEPA, Beijing EPB & others  Low sulfur fuels policy  Beijing diesel retrofit project  Advanced technologies and compliance strategies Also active in Africa, Mexico, and Central America  Sub-Saharan Africa is has now phased out leaded gasoline Sharing information and technologies with 81 countries

Recently Enacted Legislation Energy Bill  Address MTBE issue  Establish an EPA – implemented Renewable fuels program  Clean school bus program  Anti-truck idling program Transportation Bill  Re-authorizes CMAQ Program  New flexibility on transportation conformity