ExoPlanet Exploration Program Exoplanet Exploration Program (ExEP) & ASMCS Summary 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets September 18, 2009 M. Devirian, Program Manager Wes Traub, Program Chief Scientist

ExoPlanet Exploration Program Navigator Program Prime Objective Exoplanet Exploration Program (ExEP) – Navigator Program Renamed & Rescoped Large mission concepts (TPF-C/I/O, etc.) are long range targets for technology development Near-term focus on medium strategic missions with competed science – 2012 earliest call SIM-Lite in formulation under review by Astro2010, NRC Decadal Survey –Mike Shao, Project Scientist Kepler moves into ExEP post-commissioning –Bill Borucki, Science PI NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI) (formerly Michelson Science Center) –Chas Beichman, Executive Director September 18, Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

ExoPlanet Exploration Program Additional ExEP elements New: Exoplanet Supporting Research & Technology –NExScI science activities (data access/archives, fellowships, etc) –Technology for Advanced Strategic Mission Concept Studies –Technology testbed support competed technology efforts starting 2010 –Peter Lawson, Science & Technology Architect for ExEP –Marie Levine, Technology Infrastructure Manager Ground Observatories: –Keck Interferometer completing selected key science (exozodi) Rachel Akeson, Project Scientist –Future time through NASA Keck TAC (77 proposals for 2010A) –LBTI instrument to be completed; key science operation after LBTO on sky Phil Hinz, PI On-going community engagement: –Exoplanet Science Forum and Exoplanet Program Analysis Group (ExoPAG) –Jim Kasting, Chairman September 18, Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

ExoPlanet Exploration Program SR&T – Science Support NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI – former Michelson Science Center) –Sagan Program: 5 new post-doctoral fellows and a summer workshop each year. –Allocate NASA/Keck time and PI data awards –Support/host Exoplanet-related conferences and workshops. –Science Tools & Operations Keck Observatory –Keck Interferometer –Archive: HIRES & NIRSPEC Kepler Science Analysis System NASA Star and Exoplanet Database (NSTED) US Data Node for CoRoT Mission SIM-Lite or future ExoPlanet Mission September 18, Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian Michelson Summer Workshop Class of 2007 Leadership: Charles Beichman Executive Director Shri Kulkarni Science Director Rachel Akeson Deputy Director David A. Imel Project Manager Leadership: Charles Beichman Executive Director Shri Kulkarni Science Director Rachel Akeson Deputy Director David A. Imel Project Manager

ExoPlanet Exploration Program SR&T – Technology Program Technology program started under TPF – to enable the future –Achieved near-flight-level performance in key starlight suppression technologies: both VIS (coronagraphs) and IR (nulling interferometers) –Achieved significant milestones in precision formation flying for IR interferometer (TPF-I/Darwin) –Support to ASMCS PIs in to advance concept maturity –Results from program referenced in a number of papers in this conference Forward plan provides for broad combined effort –Program-developed testbeds & directed technology –Competed participation including non-NASA and NASA PIs through Technology Demonstrations for Exoplanet Missions (TDEM) call 5 – 10 new awards per year ~$5M over 2 years for each solicitation Coordination website: First round of proposals submitted, fund January 2010 September 18, Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

ExoPlanet Exploration Program Coming Opportunities to Participate Sagan Fellowship applications November 2009 Kepler GO Proposals due January 2010 Double-blind imaging study teams Medium Strategic Mission Science Solicitation – 2012 expected September 18, Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

ExoPlanet Exploration Program ExEP Level 1 Schedule September 18, Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian Annual Technology call Keck calls (only 2009 shown) LBTI on the horizon Notional future mission schedule

ExoPlanet Exploration Program September 18, Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian Summary of ASMCS Special Session Actively-Corrected Coronagraph for Exoplanet System Studies; PI: John Trauger (JPL) Probe class New Worlds Observer; PI: Webster Cash (U of Colorado) Flagship class 8 Planet Hunter; PI: Geoff Marcy (UC Berkeley) Probe class Extrasolar Planetary Imaging Coronagraph; PI: Mark Clampin (NASA GSFC) Probe class Pupil-Mapping Exoplanet Coronagraphic Observer PI: Olivier Guyon (U of Arizona) Probe class Dilute Aperture Visible Nulling Coronagraph Imager PI: Michael Shao (JPL) Flagship class THEIA: Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Interstellar/ Intergalactic Astronomyr; PI: David Spergel (Princeton) Flagship Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Spce Telescope (ATLAST); PI: Marc Postman (STScI) Flagship class CREDIT: STScI & NGST Probes (<$1B)Flagships (>$1B)

THEIA: Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Intergalactic/Galactic Astronomy eXoPlanet Characterizer (XPC) Detect Earthlike Planets in Habitable Zone Characterize from nm Star Formation Camera (SFC) Census of Star Forming Regions Survey nearby galaxies from nm Panchromatic survey of cosmological Targets UltraViolet Spectrograph (UVS) Cosmic web spectroscopy Galactic Interfaces Star Formation Planetary Transits 4 meter, on-axis telescope 5 year nominal mission length + 5 year extended Fit onto Atlas V launch Vehicle (two launch vehicles for telescope and occulter) Existing spacecraft hardware Science Instruments Uses a 40 m external occulter operating at two distances for two wavelength bands for planet detection and characterization At η =1, THEIA detects over 30 Earth-like planets THEIA characterizes almost 20 of them over the full spectral band, getting Ozone, Oxygen, CO2 and Water THEIA has enough repeat detections on five of them to characterize their orbits Because of the multiple distances, THEIA saves enough fuel to go an extra 5 years Flagship

The New Worlds Observer W. Cash, University of Colorado, PI An External Occulter about 50m in diameter is flown 80,000km from telescope along line of sight to star. Starlight is suppressed, but planet light passes unimpeded as close as 60mas from the star. Study showed Starshades can be implemented quickly and are affordable. September 18, Starshade Concept works with any telescope – including JWST Simulation of Solar System Imaged with JWST Simulation of Earth spectrum taken with large UVOIR observatory Flagship

Advanced Technology Large- Aperture Space Telescope Earth Telescope Aperture #FGK Stars Observable in <500 ksec ATLAST has the sensitivity and the angular resolution to characterize ~100 or more Potentially Habitable Worlds in 5 years: IWA < 60 mas at 500 nm, 10-sigma limit: <0.6 nJy in 100 R=5 SNR=10 R=100 spectra of O 2 features in <100 ksec Multiple architectures explored, capable of using multiple starlight suppression methods. Enables breakthroughs in both exoplanet and general astrophysics research. ATLAST Starshade Sim UVOIR Flagship Mission for the 2025 Era 8-m 9-m Wavelength (microns) R=500 Spectra of Earth Twin with ATLAST Reflectivity Flagship

Dilute Aperture Visible Nulling Coronagraphic Imager (DAViNCI), M. Shao © 2008 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Science of an 8m coronagraph at the cost of a 2.5m telescope, (TeamX cost 1.2B) IWA = (Equiv 2 /D) 0.5um to 1.7um converage (25%BW at a time) Search up to ~150 stars for Can measure orbits of planets, with images of the exoplanetary system at many (10~20 epochs, not just once), measure, not just guess that the planet is in the HZ. Nulling coronagraph architecture compatible with, filled, segmented and dilute apertures. Segmented MEMs DM, amp/phase control DAViNCI Flagship

September 18, Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian 13 Probe

Simulated VNC Image: Our solar system viewed at 10 pc ExtraSolar Imaging Planetary Coronagraph (EPIC) EPIC will image and characterize extrasolar giant planets and their environments EPICs discovery space is enabled by its 2λ/D inner working angle: ~55 RV planets would be available for detection and characterization ASMC Study: - Science case, planets within IWA, dust disks - Systems level understanding - EPIC/VNC modeling & performance assesment - VNC STOP analysis & wavefront control - Costing at GSFC IDC & JPL Team-X September 18, Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian Probe

PECO P upil mapping E xoplanet C oronagraph O bserver Univ. of Arizona Ames Research Center Pupil mapping Exoplanet Coronagraphic Observer (PECO) 1.4-m diameter off-axis telescope, 3 yr mission drift-away heliocentric orbit for maximum stability High efficiency wavefront control to maintain high contrast 0.4 – 0.9 micron spectral coverage / R~20, polarimetric imaging Instrument & coronagraph are optimized for maximum sensitivity PECO instrument design also applicable to larger telescope diameters. Lossless apodization (PIAA) with aspheric optics allows 2 l/D inner working angle with full throughput, making optimal use of PECOs 1.4m diameter telescope Habitable planets PECO can detect Super-Earths in the habitable zone of the 22 most favorable stars, and Earths for the 9 most favorable targets (SNR=5 at R=5 in <12h exposure) Exo-zodi mapping PECO has sub-zodi sensitivity in the habitable zone of >20 stars Giant planets High SNR R=20 spectroscopy and polarimetry Simulation of 24 hr of PECO data showing an Earth-like planet (a=0.2) around Tau Ceti with 1 zodi of exododi dust in a uniform density disk inclined 59 degrees. This is a simulation of λ= 550 nm light in a 100 nm bandpass PECO (1.4- m aperture). Photon noise and 16 electrons total detector noise for an electron multiplying CCD have been added. More info on PECO: PECO TechnologyPECO Science September 18, Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian Probe

ExoPlanet Exploration Program Program Managers observations TPF–C and Darwin/TPF–I also remain viable flagship candidates. Many additional (arguably) Probe-class concepts (THESIS, FKSI, TRESS, ASTrO, Occulter for JWST,…). No obvious best architecture for near-term Probe (capability vs. risk). –Many good ones –Some nearly ready (TRL 5-6) Quick model-based costing for novel architectures is unreliable; deep-penetration cost estimation requires significant resources and expertise; this poses risk for agency planning. Exoplanets must be an international effort. September 18, Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

ExoPlanet Exploration Program September 18, Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian THANK YOU To the local organizers and Barcelona supporters for a wonderfully organized scientific conference! NASAs Exoplanet Exploration Program