15. Make the following conversions: 5.4 m = ? km 0.87 kg = ? mg 2.04 cL = ? mL 16. What are 3 pieces of evidence to support the Big Bang theory? 17. How would you know if a spectrum is red- shifted and what would it mean about that object? 18. What are some things you have heard are in space that you are unsure of or have questions on?

 Not really empty  Stars, planets, etc.  Interstellar medium ◦ Dust and Gas ◦ Nebulas Orion Nebula a/ Large Magellanic Cloud 5a/

 Random collisions of atoms  Areas of growing mass ◦ Spherical shape ◦ Pull in more matter  Increase in  Temperature  Pressure  Spin - creates a bulge in the sphere _17.jpg

Fermi National Lab  Eventually….  High temperatures  2 particles become 1  Releases a lot of energy  Particle accelerators ◦ Man-made ◦ Create new elements ◦ Find smallest particles ◦ Recreating the early universe conditions

 Objects give off a variety of light  Peak depends on temperature ◦ Peak shows most common type of light

 White dwarfs  Red giants  Red supergiants  Blue giants

 Parallax effect ◦ Compare distant stars to nearby stars ◦ Measure shift as Earth orbits the Sun ◦ Calculate the distance  Further away = less of a shift  Better technology = see smaller shifts = measure larger distances

 If a star is 10 light years away ◦ How old is the light we see today? ◦ Is that star still there today?  If an alien is on a planet 10 million light years away ◦ If they could see with the Earth with great detail, what would they see right now?  When we observe light from a star 2 billion light years away….what does that mean?

 Quiz – ◦ Quiet until everyone is done ◦ Eyes on own paper ◦ Turn in when finished  Bring me your binder if you didn’t have it set up last time  What are the differences in the types of stars?  How are all stars the same?

 Wide variety  Highest # of stars  Actively fusing hydrogen into helium ◦ Outward pressure from fusion ◦ Inward pressure from gravity ◦ Equal in these stars ◦ Maintain size scientists.com/HTML/ articles/article/the- science-of-the- supernova/

 Form red giants ◦ Fusing helium ◦ Core collapsing ◦ Outer layers spread out  Cools

 Forms a white dwarf ◦ Ran out of helium  No more fusion ◦ Outer gasses moving away  Planetary nebula ◦ Leaves a hot, dense core Ring Nebula Cat’s Eye Nebula

 Become red supergiants ◦ Fuse elements larger than helium  All the way to iron ◦ Short lives  Supernova Supernova ◦ No more fusion ◦ Core violently explodes ◦ Fuses heavier atoms ◦ Very bright, short time ◦ Spreads out material

 Forms a neutron star ◦ If a lower mass core ◦ Very dense  Not very big  Lots of gravity ◦ Can produce gamma and x- rays when it pulls items into it Neutron star in supernova Cassiopeia A

 Forms a black hole ◦ Higher mass cores ◦ Infinitely dense ◦ Need to travel faster than the speed of light to escape  How can we see? ◦ Will bend light from nearby stars ◦ See dust and gas swirling around  Hot enough to give off x-rays  Probably at the center of most galaxies ◦ Including ours!  Video Video Whirlpool Galaxy