Chapter 5: Atomic Theory Mr. Albaugh

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 5: Atomic Theory Mr. Albaugh Democritus (440 BCE)- realized that if you continued to cut something, eventually you would end up with something that couldn’t be cut anymore, atomos – meaning not able to divide Atoms are the smallest particle that an element can be divided and still be the same substance All matter is made of atoms

John Dalton (1803) realized that atoms combine in very specific proportions (ratios) based on mass all substances are made of atoms and they can not be created, divided or destroyed because they were made of a single substance All atoms of the same element are exactly alike and different from other elements, they are unique Atoms join with other atoms to form new substance

Dalton’s model of the atom (1805)

J. J. Thomson (1897) discovered that there were small particles inside the atom, meaning that atoms can be divided into smaller substances Electrons – negatively charged particles attracted to positively charged particles Plum pudding model – electrons are mixed throughout the atom, soft blobs of matter

J.J. Thomson model (1897)

Ernest Rutherford (1909) Discovered that an atom contains a nucleus with positively charged particles and that the electrons must be “floating” around the nucleus

Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment

What happened in the Au atoms during the experiment?

Niels Bohr (1913) Proposed that electron moved around the nucleus in energy levels (shells), but no electrons between the energy level (think ladder) Electrons can jump from one level to another Travel in a definite path

Bohr’s Planetary Model of the atom

Modern Atomic Theory Erwin Shroedinger & Werner Heisenberg Electrons have no predictable pattern and move in a region where electrons are likely to be found called the electron cloud

“Modern” atomic theory