Business Driven Technology Unit 5 Transforming Organizations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Unit Five O Chapter Seventeen – Building Software to Support an Agile Organization O Chapter Eighteen – Managing Organizational Project O Chapter Nineteen - Outsourcing in the 21 st Century O Chapter Twenty – Developing a 21st-Century Organization 17-2

Chapter 17 Building Software to Support an Agile Organization 17-3

LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Identify the business benefits associated with successful software development 2. Describe the seven phases of the systems development life cycle 3. Summarize the different software development methodologies 4. Explain why software problems are business problems 17-4

DEVELOPING SOFTWARE O Software that is built correctly can transform as the organization and its business transforms O Software that effectively meets employee needs will help an organization become more productive and enhance decision making O Software that does not meet employee needs may have a damaging effect on productivity and can even cause a business to fail 17-5

DEVELOPING SOFTWARE O As organizations’ reliance on software grows, so do the business-related consequences of software successes and failures including: O Increase or decrease revenue O Repair or damage to brand reputation O Prevent or incur liabilities O Increase or decrease productivity 17-6

THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) O Systems development life cycle (SDLC) – the overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance 17-7

THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) 1. Planning phase – involves establishing a high-level plan of the intended project and determining project goals 2. Analysis phase – involves analyzing end- user business requirements and refining project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system Business requirement – detailed set of business requests that the system must meet in order to be successful 17-8

THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) 3. Design phase – involves describing the desired features and operations of the system including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code, and other documentation 4. Development phase – involves taking all of the detailed design documents from the design phase and transforming them into the actual system 17-9

THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) 5. Testing phase – involves bringing all the project pieces together into a special testing environment to test for errors, bugs, and interoperability and verify that the system meets all of the business requirements defined in the analysis phase 6. Implementation phase – involves placing the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with the system 17-10

THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) 7. Maintenance phase – involves performing changes, corrections, additions, and upgrades to ensure the system continues to meet the business goals 17-11

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES O There are a number of different software development methodologies including: O Agile O Waterfall O Rapid application development (RAD) O Extreme programming O Rational unified process (RUP) O Scrum 17-12

Waterfall Methodology O Waterfall methodology – an activity-based process in which each phase in the SDLC is performed sequentially from planning through implementation and maintenance 17-13

Agile Methodology O Agile methodology – aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of components developed by an iterative process O An agile project sets a minimum number of requirements and turns them into a deliverable product O Iterative development – consists of a series of tiny projects 17-14

Rapid Application Development Methodology (RAD) O Rapid application development methodology (RAD) – emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary construction of working prototypes of a system to accelerate the systems development process O The prototype is an essential part of the analysis phase when using a RAD methodology O Prototype 17-15

Rapid Application Development Methodology (RAD) O Fundamentals of RAD O Focus initially on creating a prototype that looks and acts like the desired system O Actively involve system users in the analysis, design, and development phases O Accelerate collecting the business requirements through an interactive and iterative construction approach 17-16

Extreme Programming Methodology O Extreme programming (XP) methodology – breaks a project into tiny phases, and developers cannot continue on to the next phase until the first phase is complete 17-17

Rational Unified Process (RUP) Methodology O Rational Unified Process (RUP) – provides a framework for breaking down the development of software into four gates O Gate One: Inception O Gate Two: Elaboration O Gate Three: Construction O Gate Four: Transition 17-18

SCRUM Methodology O SCRUM – uses small teams to produce small pieces of deliverable software using sprints, or 30-day intervals, to achieve an appointed goal O Under this methodology, each day ends or begins with a stand- up meeting to monitor and control the development effort 17-19

Implementing Agile Methodologies O The Agile Alliance Manifesto O Early and continuous delivery of valuable software will satisfy the customer O Changing requirements are welcome O Business people and developers work together O Projects need motivated individuals O Use self-organizing teams O Reflect on how to become more effective 17-20

DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL SOFTWARE O Primary principles for successful agile software development include: O Slash the budget O If it doesn’t work, kill it O Keep requirements to a minimum O Test and deliver frequently O Assign non-IT executives to software projects 17-21

Software Problems Are Business Problems O Primary reasons for project failure include O Unclear or missing business requirements O Skipping SDLC phases O Failure to manage project scope O Scope creep – occurs when the scope increases O Feature creep – occurs when extra features are added O Failure to manage project plan O Changing technology 17-22

Software Problems Are Business Problems O Find errors early: the later in the SDLC an error is found - the more expensive it is to fix 17-23

LEARNING OUTCOME REVIEW O Now that you have finished the chapter please review the learning outcomes in your text 17-24