Digital Literacies as Postgraduate Attribute? Implementation study – Online Synchronous Academic Writing Instruction Stephen Hill Institute of Education, University of London 1

The following slides were used in real time online instruction in the learning platform Collaborate, to teach an important element to writing in higher education – the use of sources. Instructors using these slides will want to familiarise themselves with JISC guidance on the learning platform Blackboard Collaborate (see Chatterton, 2012), and will want to adapt these materials and activities to the needs of the students. Instructors will also likely want to incorporate asynchronous activities (i.e. homework exercises into these sessions). These slides are presented as they were used in the real time session. The session consisted of a PowerPoint presentation with instructor commentary (shared audio), student led discussion (shared audio), and Collaborate webtours (screen share with shared audio discussion). 2

Lecture Citation in higher education – an overview It is important to know why you cite in university writing as well as how you cite Why you cite – e.g. to support your ideas How you cite – e.g. directly and indirectly through the use of ‘styles’ e.g. APA, MLA (these are associations that give specific guidelines) 3

Why you cite 4 How you cite

Why you citeHow you cite Webtour We are going to look online at the contents pages of the following two books – the first book (Neville) gives guidance as to why you cite, the second book (Pears and Shields) gives guidance as to how you cite, make a note of any questions that you would like to ask in our discussion afterwards 5

Exploratory reading You are going to look at citation guidance given by the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Modern Language Association (MLA) While you view these sites make 3 questions about APA and MLA that you are going to ask a partner in a breakout room. 6

Exploratory reading questions APA MLA

Guided reading – plagiarism I would like you to read the first five points in the following policy document (you can copy paste it into any internet search engine) Code on Citing Sources and Avoidance of Plagiarism for Students Registered at the Institute of Education While you read I would like you to write your thoughts into the chat box (lower left hand side to your screen) We will discuss as a group when you are finished 8

Homework The following are reporting verbs (in bold) Jones (1999) states Jones (1999) argues Jones (1999) proposes Hyland (1999) suggests that different disciplines (e.g. biology, applied linguistics) use reporting verbs differently. I would like you to look at the table in the following slide and find journal articles in one of the disciplines mentioned by Hyland. You may want to choose a discipline based on your current studies. I would like you to make a note of the reporting verbs that you find. Do your findings coincide with Hyland (1999)? We will discuss this at the beginning of the next class. 9

DisciplineReporting verbs Biologydescribefindreportshowsuggestobserve Physicsdevelopreportstudyfindexpand Electrical engineering proposeusedescribeshowpublishdevelop Mechanical engineering describeshowreportdiscussgivedevelop Marketingsuggestarguefindreportproposeshow Applied linguistics suggestargueshowexplainfindpoint out Sociologyarguesuggestdescribenoteanalyzediscuss Philosophysaysuggestargueclaimpoint outholdthink Overallsuggestarguefindshowdescribeproposereport Adapted from Hyland (1999, p. 349) 10

References Chatterton, P. (2012). Designing for participant engagement with Blackboard Collaborate. Retrieved 20 / 03 / 13, from programmes/elearning/Collaborateguidance/Blackboard%20Coll aborate%20Good%20Practice%20Guide.pdf Hyland, K. (1999). Academic attribution: Citation and the construction of disciplinary knowledge. Applied Linguistics, 20, Neville, C. (2007). The Complete Guide to Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism. Maidenhead: Oxford University Press. Pears, R., & Shields, G. (2010). Cite them right: The essential referencing guide (8 th ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillian. 11