General Physics1 Welcome to Phys 140! sites.google.com/site/sienaphys140spring2011/

Textbook Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 2 nd Edition By Knight Required texts Volume 4 and Volume 3 Workbooks for these volumes We will start with Volume 4 YOUR TEXTBOOK IS YOUR #1 RESOURCE!!! You are expected to come to class having read the assigned chapter.

Course Design and Grading Tests30% Exam 1, Feb % Exam 2, Mar % Exam 3, Apr % Labs15% You must pass lab to pass class! You must complete every lab to pass lab! Other 25% Homework Reading Quizzes Participation10% Final Exam20% Uniform exams for all sections Cumulative

Lab Grading Lab Write-ups25% Formal Lab Write-up25% Participation25% Lab Practicum25% Lab Write-ups –Write-up due at the end of lab –C - lacking, B - adequate; A extra – something we didn’t ask for Formal Lab Write-up –Due the following week; graded and returned for editing –Average of two grades Participation –Grade in each lab –C - watching, B - helping; A- doing, explaining, writing Lab Practicum –Individual test of lab skills

General PhysicsLecture 15 Class Time Reading Quiz 2 minute problems Group problems Lab-style activities SHORT lectures Classes will be ACTIVE! They will require you to participate and engage in the problems and activities.

General PhysicsLecture 16 Preparing for Class Assigned Reading –One chapter each class/week Go through exercises in each chapter –Answers are provided at the end of the chapter Reading quiz –multiple choice or short answer

General PhysicsLecture 17 Class Website Website will include: –Schedule –Powerpoint slides for each class –Details on Reading Quiz –Mastering Physics HW Questions and due date –Written HW questions and due date –Lab Schedule and link to lab materials –Info on Bike Generator –Extra Credit Opportunities Website will be updated each week – check it often

General PhysicsLecture 18 Attendance Policy Students are expected to attend all classes and are responsible for all material covered in class, even when absent. Students should understand that some material discussed in class is not covered in the textbook. In-class problems and activities can not be made up.

General PhysicsLecture 19 Attendance Policy Attendance is required. We realize that some absences are unavoidable, and you should inform your instructor prior to missing any classes. Missing more than 3 classes will decrease your overall grade by a letter grade. You will be advised to withdraw from the course if you miss more than 5 classes.

Homework Weekly Homework will be listed on the schedule Mastering Physics Homework is due Saturday by 11:30 pm Homework to be handed in is due Sunday by 5 pm in the drop box outside RB 121 (Dr. McColgan’s office) or RB 223 (Dr. Vernizzi’s office) Grading Mastering Physic assignments will be worth 15 points each Written HW 4 points per problem 2 point for working out the problem 2 point for presentation Exams will be very similar to homework, group problems, and labs

General PhysicsLecture 111 Grading Homework – 4 point scale Working out problem –2:good effort with correct results and reasoning –1:Incorrect results or reasoning –0:a very poor effort or no effort Presentation –Adequate diagrams –Explanations of model –Units and vector notation –Algebra first (with symbols only), plug in numbers at the end Grading –2:great presentation –1:presentation problems –0:extremely poor presentation

General PhysicsLecture 112 Guidelines for working homework problems Given: Find: Draw a picture! Write in pencil Clearly label units Cancel units when appropriate WRITE NEATLY Keep work in one column Box answers

Extra Credit Opportunities announced throughout the semester Examples Assignments Brown bag lunches Comics

MATLAB MATLAB is widely used in engineering, science and mathematics –Knowledge of MATLAB is a marketable skill Physics Department has adopted MATLAB as its official language –You will see it in higher level courses We will use it this semester in class and in lab –Data analysis and plotting –Vector analysis –Improve understanding abstract concepts such as vector fields

Nature of charge Amber is a natural substance that can be naturally charged Few naturally occurring objects can be electrically charged Static electricity is easily shown with plastic, rubber, and synthetic fibers Electrical charges behave like positive and negative numbers

Electrostatics Complete the tutorial on electrostatics (both sides of handout) Tape activity

Charge Conservation The total charge of an isolated system is conserved. –Rubbing a balloon on hair Triboelectric series –Decreasing tendency to lose electrons + No charge -

Atoms and Electricity An atom consists of a very small and dense nucleus surrounded by much less massive orbiting electrons. The nucleus is a composite structure consisting of protons, positively charged particles, and neutral neutrons. The atom is held together by the attractive electric force between the positive nucleus and the negative electrons. Electrons and protons have charges of opposite sign but exactly equal magnitude. This atomic-level unit of charge, called the fundamental unit of charge, is represented by the symbol e.

Charge quantization Where N p and N e are the number of protons and electrons contained in the object. The process of removing an electron from the electron cloud of an atom is called ionization. An atom that is missing an electron is called a positive ion. Its net charge is q = +e. A macroscopic object has net charge

Insulators and Conductors In metals, the outer atomic electrons are only weakly bound to the nuclei. These outer electrons become detached from their parent nuclei and are free to wander about through the entire metal. The metal as a whole remains electrically neutral, but the electrons are now like a negatively charged liquid. The electrons in the insulator are all tightly bound to the positive nuclei and not free to move around. Charging an insulator by friction leaves patches of molecular ions on the surface, but these patches are immobile.

Illustrations of Coulomb’s Law Electroscope inductionconduction

Polarization Force

The Electric Dipole

Coulomb’s Law - magnitude K = 9.0 x 10 9 N m 2 /C 2 –Coulomb’s contant q 1, q 2 = charges –measured in Coulombs (C) –1 C is a lot of charge! r = distance between q 1 and q 2 (more relevant to future chapters) ε 0 =permittivity of free space

Electric Force Similar form as gravitational force (weird, huh?), except –positive and negative charges Like charges repel; opposite charge attract

Net Force from Multiple Charges An electrostatic force exists between each pair of charges according to Coulomb’s law Add components of forces to get net force when adding multiple charges

The Electric Field We begin our investigation of electric fields by postulating a field model that describes how charges interact: 1.Some charges, which we will call the source charges, alter the space around them by creating an electric field. 2.A separate charge in the electric field experiences a force exerted by the field. Suppose probe charge q experiences an electric force F on q due to other charges. The units of the electric field are N/C. The magnitude E of the electric field is called the electric field strength.

The Electric Field

Group Problems

EXAMPLE 26.6 Lifting a glass bead

EXAMPLE 26.8 The electric field of a proton

Group Problems Q1Q1 Q4Q4 Q3Q3 Q2Q2 2. Find net force on Q 1 +y +x 1.What is the net force on the 48  C charge?