HIBISCUS General Objective Impact of tropical convection on the stratosphere at global scale Specific objectives : Past and present meteorological analyses Vertical and horizontal transport Clouds and microphysics Source of stratospheric water vapour Chemistry, impact of lightning and pollution Satellite validation 5th EC framework programme (2002-2004)

Scientific objectives HIBISCUS is to study the impact of tropical convection on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) at meso- and global scale Stratosphere Troposphere TTL Cold point Summer Tropopause Tracers for Convection and vertical transport H2O and dehydration mechanisms in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) Aerosols, sub-visible cirrus clouds microphysics and radiative impact Chemistry : impact of lifted short lived species, clouds, NOx from thunderstorms, impact on ozone. Meso-scale and small scale horizontal and vertical waves Testing of meteorological models (temperature, winds) Global scale meridional transport through the tropical barrier Satellite data validation (ESA-Envisat, NASA - Sage III) and interpretation Meso-scale (typ. 500 km) : small short duration balloon flights for high resolution in the TTL Global scale : long duration balloon flights around the world (MIR and BPS)

Convection at the Tropics in SH summer Maritime Continent SPCZ SACZ ITCZ Eq Satellite Image composite 25 March 2004 OSCAR FAY 12.4/yr 9.9/yr 6.4/yr Hurricane Season Dec-April: SW Indian NE Indian W Pacific

Long duration constant level flights at 18/19 km in LS: HIBISCUS Global scale Long duration constant level flights at 18/19 km in LS: Met models, gravity / inertia waves, O3, H2O Long duration MIR flights: ozone, NOx, H2O, clouds, 6 to 25 km ENVISAT- GOMOS: O3, NO2, H2O, T, 15-60 km ODIN-SMR : O3, N2O, H2O, HDO, H2O isotopes, 15-50 km Other satellite instruments, SHADOZ ozonesondes REPROBUS, TOMCAT, LMDz photochemical models MIMOSA PV contour advection (Preliminary flight tests in 2001 and 2003)

Global scale : Stratospheric super-pressure balloons (BPS) Constant density level 60 or 80 hPa ; 10 m or 8.5 m diameter 20 to 30 kg at hook LMD Rumba gondola : in situ P,T, wind, 3D location every 15 minutes 6 HIBISCUS flights with UCAM O3/H2O (x 3) or LMD Turbulence (x 3) BP D1, Feb 29th 2004

Stratospheric super-pressure balloons (BPS) Height flights at 80 and 60 hPa P, T, GPS loc and alt Launch dates : from Feb 06th to March 11th 2004 Flight durations : up to 79 days 25 000 observation points Bauru Courtesy : A. Hertzog

Infra-red Montgolfier (MIR) MIR-SAOZ #1, Feb 04th 2004 45 000 m3 ~ 60kg at hook Day/night excursion : 28 km/20-22 km Remote sensing in the UT/LS SA SAOZ Vis-near IR spectrometer : chemistry, clouds, H2O (x 2) ENEA Micro-lidar : clouds (x 1) IR radiometer CNES Inmarsat gondola (TM,TC) MIR-SAOZ #2 Launch : Feb 26th, 2004 39 days 70 profiles MIR µ-Lidar Launch : March 10th, 2004 7 days Cirrus and Anvils

Satellites and sondes at 22±5°S in February 2003 Mean profile Difference with SAOZ Variability Bias and alt. registration Precision Satellites: - Excellent coverage in stratosphere (accuracy dependent on technique) - Little reliable in tropical troposphere

Ozone at 20°S MIR SAOZ March 2001 % deviation from zonal mean Walker Circulation (Newel 1979) Minima in TTL over convective areas, particularly maritime (O3 destruction at surface level over Ocean), Maxima over subsident regions (meridional horizontal transport) Ozone distribution mainly controlled by transport (quasi-horizontalfrom mid-latitude and vertical by convection

% deviation from zonal mean NO2 MIR-SAOZ 2001 20°S % deviation from zonal mean Maximum in UT over continental convection (200 ppt) Minimum over Maritime areas (60 ppt)

SAOZ H2O 590, 760, 940 nm (2004 only)

GOMOS First H2O profiles

ODIN SMR O3, N2O H2O, H2O isotopes

HIBISCUS Global scale BP data archived MIR SAOZ / µlidar, radiometer data almost fully processed (already partly archived) Preliminary GOMOS O3, NO2 (nighttime), H2O, T, and clouds ODIN SMR + ODIN OSIRIS also available MIMOSA PV (5 K, 6 h) available REPROBUS CTM available, new run 3h steps in progress TOMCAT, LMDz, MIMOSA-chem, very soon Analysis and discussion at further workshop in Europe in early 2005