Intestinal juice contain Carbohydrase, protease

Digestion of protein starts at K

Constipation Need to eat more vegetables

Calculate the amount of milk should take to get 900mg of calcium. Milk (per 100 mL) Energy272 kJ Carbohydrate4.8g Protein3.4g Fat3.8g Calcium110 mg 900/110*100 = 818 mL

Albustix paper Positive result Yellow to Green

Calcium Deficiency disease Rickets

Which part stores faeces? N

Scurvy Need to eat more Fruit, vegetable

Anaemia Need to eat more Meat, liver

Girls needs more iron than boys because Girls loss blood in menstruation. They need more iron to produce blood

Teenager need more protein because They need more protein for growth

What food substances are absorbed by Y? Water soluble substances: glucose, amino acid, vitamin C, minerals, water Y

What is B? Gall bladder

Glucose Food test Clinistix paper

Intestinal juice Secreted by Intestinal gland in small intestine

Spot test Positive result Translucent spot disappeared

Anaemia Not enough Iron

State two features of X that allow it to absorb food substances easily. X is finger like to increase surface area to absorb food. There are lots of X in small intestine to increase surface area to absorb food. X

Vitamin C Function Forming connective tissue

Mouth Digestive juice Saliva

Chemical digestion by Digestive enzymes

What is the fluid inside Z? Lymph Z

Mouth Physical digestion by Chewing of teeth

Bile Physical digestion by Emulsify fat to oil droplet to increase surface area for lipase to act on

Small intestine Digestive juice Intestinal juice

Calculate the amount of milk should take to get 3600kJ ? Milk (per 100 mL) Energy272 kJ Carbohydrate4.8g Protein3.4g Fat3.8g Calcium110 mg 3600/272*100 = mL

Small intestine is long because It can provide more time to digest and absorb food substances.

Bile contain Bile salt, hydrogencarbonate salt, bile pigment

Lipase Can be found in Pancreatic juice

contain Amylase, protease, lipase, Hydrogencarbonate salt

Gastric juice contain Protease, hydrochloric acid

What is Z? Lacteal Z

Iron Function Form haemoglogin

Amylase Can be found in Saliva, pancreatic juice

Food move in alimentary canal by peristalsis

Which part is acidic? stomach

Energy requirement depands on Age, gender, occupation, body status

What part does digestion of lipid start? D

Vitamin A Function Form pigment for night vision

Teenager need more protein because They need more protein for growth

Teenager need more calcium for The growth of bones and teeth

Villus shape Finger like to increase surface area for absorption

What is Y? Blood capillaries Y

Starch Food test Iodine test

Matching Glucose..Protein Glycerol..Starch Amino acid..Lipid Fatty acid.

Saliva Secreted by Salivary gland

What is ingestion? Food is taken in through the mouth.

Bile Secreted by Liver

What are the 7 types of food substances? carbohydrate 碳水化合物 protein 蛋白質 lipid 脂質 mineral 礦物質 vitamin 維生素 dietary fibre 食用纖維 water

What part is ingestion take place? H

Stomach Physical digestion by Churning of muscle

The average energy requirment of Sam is 12000kJ but his average daily intake is kJ. Explain how his diet affects his body weight. The energy intake (14000kJ) of the man is more than his daily need (12000 kJ). Excess energy will be convert to fatty tissue and stored under skin and around internal organs. His weight increases / he will be overweight

Saliva contain Salivary amylase, water

What is E? Ileum

Dietary fibre Deficiency disease Constipation

Vitamin D Deficiency disease Rickets

Constipation Not enough Dietary fibre

Constructive worker need more energy because They need more energy for stronger muscle contraction

Night blindness Need to eat more Fish liver oil, carrot

Rickets Need to eat more Dairy product, Cheese, Milk

Glucose Function Produce energy by respiration

What is egestion? The undigested materials are removed from the body as faeces.

What is assimilation? The absorbed food molecules are taken up by cells for metabolism.

What are the importance of food? Providing energy for doing activities and keeping us warm; Providing raw materials for growth and repair of body tissues; maintaining health

What is N? Rectum

Which part absorbs the largest amount of nutrient? E

Iron Deficiency disease Anaemia

Gastric juice Secreted by Gastric gland in stomach

Pregnant women need more protein because They need more protein for foetus growth

Rickets Not enough Calcium/ Vitamin D

Pancreatic juice Secreted by Pancreas

What part is acidic? K

Scurvy Not enough Vitamin C

Clinistix paper Positive result Red to purple

Peter: Weight:50kg, Daily energy requirements: kJ Calculate Peter’s daily energy requirement per unit body weight (kJ/kg)? 11500/50 = 230 kJ/kg

Lipid Food test Spot test

What is absorption? The digested food molecules enter the circulatory system.

What food substances are absorbed by Z? Lipid soluble substances: fatty acid, glycerol, vitamin A, D, E, K Z

Vitamin C Food test DCPIP test

Baby need more energy per unit body weight because The relative surface area of baby is large, they need more energy to produce heat to compensate heat loss

What is digestion? Food is broken down into soluble and simple molecules.

DCPIP test Positive result Blue to colourless Decolorized

Reducing sugar Food test Benedict’s test

Blood in Y will first transport to….through…… liver; hepatic portal vein Y

What is the fate of excess protein? Excess amino acids cannot stored and will be broken down in liver by deamination : (i) Urea formed is carried via the bloodstream to the kidneys and is excreted in the urine. (ii) The remaining part of the amino acid is converted to glycogen and stored in liver.

Benedict’s test Positive result Brick red precipitate

Liver Digestive juice Bile

Protein Food test Albustix paper

Stomach Digestive juice Gastric juice

What is X? Villus X

Iodine test Positive result Brown to blue black

Protein Functions Growth and repair, produce enzyme, hormone, haemoglobin

Lipid Function Produce energy, shock absorber, heat insulator

Protease Can be found in Gastric juice, pancreatic juice, intestinal juice

Calcium Function Form bones and teeth

Water Function As solvent, for transport, heat loss by sweating

Physical digestion function Increase surface area of food for digestive enzyme to act on

Vitamin C Deficiency disease Scurvy

Vitamin A Deficiency disease Night blindness

What is the fate of excess glucose? Excess glucose is converted to glycogen by the liver for storage. Some of the excess glucose is converted to lipid.

Calculate the energy in 300mL milk Milk (per 100 mL) Energy272 kJ Carbohydrate4.8g Protein3.4g Fat3.8g Calcium110 mg 272*3 = 816 kJ

What is L? Pancreas

Villus number Large number to increase surface area

Dietary fibre Function Stimulate peristalsis in gut (intestine)

Night blindness Not enough Vitamin A

What is the fate of excess protein? Excess amino acids cannot stored and will be broken down in liver by deamination : (i) Urea formed is carried via the bloodstream to the kidneys and is excreted in the urine. (ii) The remaining part of the amino acid is converted to glycogen and stored in liver.

Suggest a reason why construction workers require more energy than office clerks. Construction worker need more energy for stronger muscle contraction.

Explain how stomach is protected from digestion. Mucus can protect stomach from digestion

The human digestive system consists of Alimentary canal and Digestive glands

Pancreas Digestive juice Pancreatic juice

Vitamin D Function Help Calcium absorption