2Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Objectives  Explain the purpose and various phases of the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC)  Explain when to use an adaptive approach to the SDLC in place of the more predictive traditional SDLC  Describe how the more adaptive Unified Process (UP) life cycle uses iterative and incremental development  Explain the differences between a model, a tool, a technique, and a methodology

3Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Objectives (continued)  Describe the Unified Process as a comprehensive system development methodology that combines proven best practices with the iterative UP life cycle  Describe the disciplines used in a UP development project  Describe the key features of the object-oriented approach  Explain how automated tools are used in system development

4Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 1.0 Overview  Traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC)  Unified Process (UP)  Iterative, incremental, adaptive approach to life cycle  Nine disciplines: six for system development, three for support  Review object-oriented (OO) concepts  Describe computer support tools such as CASE  Apply UP to the development project of RMO

2.0 The Systems Development Life Cycle  The entire process of building, deploying, using and updating an information system  Two approaches:  Predictive approach ◘Assumes the development project can be planned and organized in advance and the new infromation system can be developed according to the plan  Adaptive approach ◘Assumes the project cannot be planned out completely in advance but be modified as it progress, especially after some preliminary development work

6Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process SDLC Phases and Objectives 2.1 The Traditional Predictive SDLC Approaches a) Traditional SDLC

7Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process The Waterfall Approach to the SDLC b) The waterfall approach

8Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 2.2 The Newer Adaptive Approaches to the SDLC  The spiral model:  Cycles over and over again through development activities until a the project is complete  Iteration of system development activities  Iteration 1: SOME analysis, SOME design, SOME implementation  Iteration 2: MORE analysis, MORE design, MORE implementation  Iteration 3: EVEN MORE analysis, EVEN MORE design, EVEN MORE implementation All above process should be repeated until the system is closer to what is ultimately needed a) Spiral Model

9Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process The Spiral Life Cycle Model

 Completes parts of a system in several iterations and then puts them into operation for users  This process is continuously and finally we can complete the last part and integrate it with the rest  The object oriented approach is always described as highly iterative b) Related approach : Incremental Development

11Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 3.0 The Unified Process Life Cycle  UP life cycle  Includes (4) phases which consist of iterations  Iterations are “mini-projects”  Inception: develop and refine system vision  Elaboration: define requirements and core architecture  Construction: continue design and implementation  Transition: move the system into operational mode

12Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process The Unified Process System Development Life Cycle

13Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process UP Phases and Objectives

14Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 4.0 Methodologies, Models, Tools and Techniques  System development methodology  Provides guidelines every activity in system development  Includes specific models, tools, and techniques  Methodology contains instructions about how to use models, tools and techniques. Must understand what models, tools and techniques are  Process is a synonym for methodology  Methodologies supported with documentation a) Methodologies and system development process

15Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process  Model abstract (separate) aspects of the real world  Models come in many forms  Physical analogs, mathematical, graphical  System development models are highly abstract  Depict inputs, outputs, processes, data, objects, interactions, locations, networks, and devices  Unified Modeling Language (UML): standard notation showing system models  PERT or Gantt charts: Represent the system development project – such as project-planning model b) Model

16Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Figure 2-10 Some Models used in System Development

17Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process  Tool: software used to create models or components required in the project  Example tools  Project management software tools (Microsoft Project)  Integrated development environments (IDEs) – help for programming tasks  Code generators  Computer-aided system engineering (CASE tool) – helps system analyst complete development tasks  Word processor  Drawing/graphics application  Ect… c) Tool

18Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process  Technique  Collection of guidelines  Enables an analyst to complete an activity or task  Example techniques  Domain-modeling, strategic planning, project scheduling, user interface design, use case modeling, software-testing, user-interviewing, relational database design, ect..  Proven techniques are embraced as “Best Practices”  Generally accepted approaches for completing a system development task that has been proven over time to be effective d) Techniques

19Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Relationships of Models, Tools, and Techniques in a System Development Methodology

20Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 5.0 The Unified Process as a System Development Methodology  UP: object-oriented system development methodology  Developed by Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh and Ivar Jacobson.

21Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process UP Life Cycle with Phases, Iterations, and Disciplines

22Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 5.1 The UP Disciplines  Six main UP development disciplines  Business modeling, requirements, design, implementation, testing, and deployment  Each iteration  Similar to a mini-project  Results in a completed portion of the system  Three additional support disciplines  Project management, configuration and change management, and environment

23Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process a) Business Modeling  Purpose: understand business environment  Three major activities part of business modeling  Understand the business environments  Create the system vision  Create business models

24Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process b) Requirements  Objective: document business requirements  Key drivers of activities: discovery and understanding  Requirements discipline and business modeling map to traditional systems analysis  Activities list  Gather detailed information  Define functional and nonfunctional requirements  Prioritize requirements  Develop user interface dialogs  Evaluate requirements with users

25Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process c) Design  Objective: design system based on requirements  Six major activities in the design discipline  Design support services architecture and deployment environment  Design the software architecture  Design use case realizations  Design the database  Design the system and user interfaces  Design the system security and controls

26Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process d) Implementation  Objective: build or acquire needed system components  Implementation activities  Build software components  Acquire software components  Integrate software components

27Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process e) Testing  Testing is critical discipline  Testing activities  Define and conduct unit testing  Define and conduct integration testing  Define and conduct usability testing  Define and conduct user acceptance testing  In UP, acceptance testing occurs throughout the building phase

28Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process f) Deployment  Goal: conduct activities to make system operational  Deployment activities  Acquire hardware and system software  Package and install components  Train users  Convert and initialize data  Deployment activities prominent in transition phase

29Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process g) Project Management  Most important support discipline  Project management activities  Finalize the system and project scope  Develop the project and iteration schedule  Identify project risks and confirm feasibility  Monitor and control the project’s plan  Monitor and control communications  Monitor and control risks and outstanding issues

30Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process h) Configuration and Change Management  Configuration and change discipline pertains to:  Requirements  Design  Source code  Executables  The two activities in this discipline  Develop change control procedures  Manage models and software components

31Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process i) Environment  Development environment includes  Available facilities  Design of the workspace  Forums for team communication and interaction  Environment discipline activities  Select and configure the development tools  Tailor the UP development process  Provide technical support services

32Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 6.0 Tools to Support System Development  CASE (Computer Aided System Engineering)  Contains da atabase repository for information system  Set of tools that help analysts complete activities  Sample artifacts: models, automatically generated code

33Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process A CASE Tool Repository Contains All Information About the System

34Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 6.0 Tools to Support System Development (continued)  Microsoft Visio: emphasizes technical drawing  Rational Rose  CASE tool supporting object-oriented approach  Strongly identified with UP methodology  Together  Pioneers round-trip engineering ◘synchronizes graphical models with generated program code  Leverages UML diagrams

35Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Figure 2-26 Visual Modeling Tool Rational Rose Displaying UML Diagrams

36Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 6.0 Tools to Support System Development (continued)  Embarcadero Describe  Visual Modeling  Round-trip engineering  Rational XDE Professional  Integrates Microsoft Visual Studio.NET IDE  Also provides visual modeling and round-trip

37Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Figure 2-29 Rational XDE Professional is integrated with Visual Studio.NET

38Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Summary  SDLC: set of activities required to complete system development project  Predictive SDLC: executes project in sequential phases (waterfall approach)  Adaptive SDLC: accommodates change and phase overlap  Spiral SDLC model introduces iterations (cycles)  UP is an adaptive system development methodology

39Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Summary (continued)  UP life cycle includes four phases-inception, elaboration, construction, and transition  UP phases decomposed into one ore more iterations  Iterations involve work in nine UP disciplines  UP is object-oriented  Object-oriented concepts: object, class, methods, encapsulation, associations, inheritance, polymorphism  CASE: automation tools simplify development tasks