QoS Structure of 3GPP/UMTS Doug Young Suh Media Lab. Last update : GPP UMTS

3GPP ( 3GPP UMTS

3G TSs and TRs TS "Service aspects, Service principles," filename : zip TS "Services and Service capabilities" TS "QoS Concept and Architecture" TS v7.3 ( ) "IP Multimedia (IM) Subsystems ­ Stage 2" TS “Signalling flows for the IP multimedia call control based on SIP and SDP” TR “Delay budget within the Access Stratum(Release 1999)” TS “Physical layer – measurements(FDD) (Release 1999)” : TSG RAN TR “QoS for speech and multimedia codec, quantitative performance evaluation of H.324 Annex C over 3G” Release 97/98 => Release 99 => Release 4 => Release 5 => Release 6 => Release 7 => Release 8 => Release 9(LTE) 3GPP UMTS

Auxiliary verbs in standards "Shall" is used in this Recommendation to specify a mandatory requirement. "Should" is used to in this Recommendation to specify a suggested, but not required, course of action. "May" is used to specify an optional course of action, without expressing a preference. 3GPP UMTS

UMTS Network = UTRAN + [GSM BSS] + UMTS CN 3GPP UMTS

UMTS PSN protocol stack

3GPP UMTS

Circuit Switching dedicated channel(CBR) low delay, low loss, low bandwidth 3GPP UMTS

Packet Switching best effort : shared channel(VBR) time-varying QoS 3GPP UMTS

QoS negotiable network Cell(label) switching : resource reservation QoS guaranteed, ATM, NGI 3GPP UMTS

UMTS services Connection-oriented / connection-less Bearer service : circuit switched(64kbps) / packet switched(  2Mbps) Speech : telephone, short message point-to-point / broadcasting Symmetric and asymmetric 3GPP UMTS

UTRAN services Set-up, re-negotiation, and clearing of connections with a range of traffic and performance characteristics  bearer attributes  QoS attributes CAC during connection set-up and re-negotiation FC on a connection during its lifetime UPC on a connection during its lifetime broadcast and multicast UTRA mode = FDD+TDD positioning of mobile termination at a minimum precision of around 50m 3GPP UMTS

UMTS Core Network traffic policing = CAC + FC + UPC charging records based upon parameters such as the dialled number, call duration, traffic (volume, bitrate) and perceived QoS security features : UMTS GPP UMTS

Quality of Service end-to-end(TE-to-TE) quality perceived by the customer (ITU-T M.xxx) the collective effect of service performances such as; service operability performance; service accessibility performance; service retention performance; service integrity performance; and other factors specific to each service. 3GPP UMTS

Framework 3GPP UMTS

Minimum bit rates and QoS range 3GPP UMTS Operating environment (minimum bit rate, speed) Real Time (Constant Delay) Non Real Time (Variable Delay) Satellite (144kbps, 1000 km/h) Max Delay less than 400 ms BER Max Delay 1200 ms or more BER = 10-5 to 10-8 Rural outdoor (144kbps, 500 km/h) Max Delay ms BER Max Delay 150 ms or more BER = 10-5 to 10-8 Urban/ Suburban outdoor (384kbps, 120 km/h) Max Delay ms BER Max Delay 150 ms or more BER = 10-5 to 10-8 Indoor/ Low range outdoor (2Mbps, 10 km/h) Max Delay ms BER Max Delay 150 ms or more BER = 10-5 to 10-8

End-user Performance Expectations 3GPP TS v6.2 ( ) Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects Service aspects Services and service capabilities (Release 6) 3GPP UMTS

Supported End User QoS 3GPP UMTS

conversatinal real-time services 3GPP UMTS MediumApplicationDegree of symmetry Data rateKey performance parameters and target values End-to-end One-way Delay Information loss AudioConversationa l voice Two-way4-25 kb/s<150 msec preferred <400 msec limit * < 3% FER VideoVideophoneTwo-way kb/s < 150 msec preferred <400 msec limit Lip-synch : < 100 ms < 1% FER DataTelemetry - two-way control Two-way<28.8 kb/s < 250 msecZero DataInteractive games Two-way< 1 KB< 250 msecZero DataTelnetTwo-way (asymmetric) < 1 KB< 250 msecZero * The overall one way delay in the mobile network (from UE to PLMN border) is approximately 100ms.

Streaming Services 3GPP UMTS MediumApplicationDegree of symmetry Data rate Key performance parameters and target values Start-up Delay Transport delay Variation Packet loss at session layer Audio Speech, mixed speech and music, medium and high quality music Primarily one- way kb/s < 10 sec< 2sec< 1% Packet loss ratio Video Movie clips, surveillance, real-time video Primarily one- way kb/s < 10 sec<2 sec< 2% Packet loss ratio Data Bulk data transfer/retrieval, layout and synchronisation information Primarily one- way < 384 kb/s < 10 secN.AZero Data Still image Primarily one- way < 10 secN.AZero

Interactive Services 3GPP UMTS MediaApplicationDegree of symmetry Data rate Key performance parameters and target values One-way Delay Information loss AudioVoice messaging Primarily one-way 4-13 kb/s < 1 sec for playback < 2 sec for record < 3% FER DataWeb-browsing - HTML Primarily one-way < 4 sec /pageZero DataTransaction services – high priority e.g. e- commerce, ATM Two-way< 4 secZero Data (server access) Primarily One-way < 4 secZero

Access protocols The access protocols shall allow the support of multimedia services. These services are characterized by the ability to dynamically change the number of participants and the number of connections during a call. The characteristics of the connections (confer the list of attributes used to describe a connection) may differ from one connection to another. They are negotiated during call set-up. They may be independently and dynamically re-negotiated on application (the telecommunication requirements of the application changes) or network initiative (change of network load conditions, during a handover procedure) during the call. 3GPP UMTS

QoS Architecture 3GPP UMTS

QoS management functions for the UMTS bearer service in the control plane service manager provides all user plane QoS management translation function e.g. between IETF Tspec to UMTS service attributes admission/capability control subscription control : administrative rights 3GPP UMTS

QoS management functions for the UMTS bearer service in the user plane mapping function : the specific marking cf. label in MPLS, VCI in ATM classification function : derived from data unit header or traffic characteristics resource manager : scheduling, bandwidth management, power control for radio bearer traffic manager : policing and traffic shaping, preferential dropping in case of congestion 3GPP UMTS

QoS Parameters of UMTS bearer and radio access bearer [Maximum bitrate(bps), Maximum SDU size(octet)] cf. [PCR, CDVT] possible bitrates per subflow in CS case <= inter PDU transmission interval (IPTI) [Guaranteed bitrate, k*Maximum SDU size] cf. [SCR, BT+CDVT] to capture burstness minimum resource requirements => resource sharing delivery order(y/n) SDU format information(bits) SDU error ratio : loss+damaged residual bit error ratio delivery of erroneous SDUs(y/n/-) : '-' implies no error detection. transfer delay(ms) : 95% quantile traffic handling priority : per flow allocation/retention priority : per bearer which is not negotiated from the MT 3GPP UMTS

Leaky Bucket [drain rate, depth] 3GPP UMTS Traffic engineering for VBR traffic Issues : overflow, queuing delay Applications : CAC, fair queuing

QoS parameters of Iu BS and CN BS Iu bearer service parameters QoS capabilities in ATM layer (ATM-VCI) QoS capabilities in IP layer (Diffserv, service level agreements(SLA)) Core network bearer service parameters IP layer or ATM layer 3GPP UMTS

Value ranges for UMTS Bearer Service Attributes 3GPP UMTS Traffic classConversation al class Streaming classInteractive class Backgrou nd class Maximum bitrate (kbps) < Delivery orderYes/No Maximum SDU size (octets) <=1 500 or Delivery of erroneous SDUs Yes/No/- Residual BER5*10 -2, 10 -2, 5*10 -3, 10 -3, 10 -4, *10 -2, 10 -2, 5*10 -3, , 10 -4, 10 -5, *10 -3, 10 -5, 6* *10 -3, , 6*10 -8 SDU error ratio10 -2, 7*10 -3, 10 -3, 10 -4, , 10 -2, 7*10 -3, 10 -3, 10 -4, , 10 -4, Transfer delay (ms) 100 – maximum 250 – maximum Guaranteed bit rate (kbps) < Traffic handling priority 1,2,3 Allocation/Reten tion priority 1,2,3

QoS Ranking 3GPP UMTS QoS ranking 2conversatio nal Traffic class 3streamingTraffic class 1InteractiveTraffic class 1Traffic handling priority 4InteractiveTraffic class 2Traffic handling priority 5InteractiveTraffic class 3Traffic handling priority 6BackgroundTraffic class

32 Cross-layer per-class services SVC : enhancement layers, base layer RTP : ULP (Unequal Loss Protection) diffServ : BE, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, EF e : BK, BE, EE, CL, VI, VO, NC, TxOP e : BE, nrtPS, rtPS, ertPS, UGS How to map them? Temporal priority, loss priority bronze silver gold Higher priority

The Main Feature of UMTS “Flexibility !!” 3GPP UMTS

3GPP Organization 3GPP UMTS Speech codec Video codec MBS (Multicast/Broadcast Service) PSS (Packet Switch Streaming)

SA4 The responsibilities of WG4 (Codec) include the following items: Development and maintenance of specifications for speech, audio, video, and multimedia codecs, as required to enable services specified for 3G terminals and systems. Guidance to other 3GPP groups concerning required QoS parameters and other system implications, including channel coding requirements, imposed by different multimedia codecs in both circuit-switched and packet-switched environments. Speech, audio, video, and multimedia quality evaluation (including new evaluation methods, testing, verification, characterisation, selection criteria) End-to-end performance, including terminal characteristics, of speech, audio, video, and multimedia services. Interoperability aspects with existing mobile and fixed networks from the codec point of view. In conducting its work, the Codec WG will strive to specify the best possible technical solutions at the same time as considering the planned global use of the codecs and the flexibility needs imposed by different regional requirements and preferences, including possible differences in quality/capacity trade-offs MediaLab, Kyunghee University35

Examples of contributions SA4-video TD No.TITLE SOURCE S Pseudo CR for section 7 on Graceful Degradation Use CaseFraunhofer Gesellschaft, ETRI S Proposed Text for Section 7.2.x UE Power Saving and Channel Zapping ETRI S Use Case of Stereoscopic Video for IVSETRI S CR IVS transmitter termination correction (Release 8)Qualcomm Europe S.A.R.L. S CR Introduction of test cases for IVS-initiated signalling (Release 8) Qualcomm Europe S.A.R.L. S Proposed text to IVS TR on use casesLM Ericsson, ST-Ericsson (France) SAS S Proposed text to IVS TR on requirements and working assumptions LM Ericsson, ST-Ericsson (France) SAS S Storage for HTTP StreamingHuaWei Technologies Co., Ltd S Transport for HTTP StreamingHuaWei Technologies Co., Ltd S Comments on the MBMS specificationHuaWei Technologies Co., Ltd S CR Service Selection Information Update (Release 9)HuaWei Technologies Co., Ltd S CR Clarification on Content Identifier in Session Initialization Procedure (Release 9) HuaWei Technologies Co., Ltd S Simple Timed GraphicsApple Inc S Video SWG AgendaApple Inc S Use Cases of SVC for Fast Bandwidth AdaptationVIDIATOR S Liaison Statement on media transportISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 S Enhancement layer only coding for advanced terminalsFraunhofer Gesellschaft MediaLab, Kyunghee University36

Example of PSS and MBMS IMS based functional architecture MediaLab, Kyunghee University37

IVS(Improved Video Support) Justification Evolved radio access technologies (HSPA & LTE) provide higher data rates, which allow the provision of services with higher quality. Mobile terminals shipped nowadays are compatible with several access technologies and equipped with larger screens and higher screen resolutions. The evolution of access technologies and screen sizes is likely to continue in the future and the solution(s) will take into account these and future developments, e.g. through the co-existence of several UE generations inside the same network. Use cases and solutions proposed for advanced UE require further analysis of performance. Objective The objective of this WI is to continue to identify video use cases that may require additional improvements as well as the evaluation of the benefits of scalable video as an additional video codec for the PSS and MBMS services. This evaluation will continue based on both the use cases identified in the technical report TR as well as new use cases and would result in the update of that TR MediaLab, Kyunghee University38

IVS advanced UE(Release 9) Video aspect ratio management UE Power Saving and Fast Stream Switching in MBMS Graceful Degradation Rate adaptation in PSS when entering bad reception conditions In MBMS services when entering bad reception conditions Combined support of heterogeneous devices Rate and quality adaptation with predefined multi quality content originating from external networks HD Support for Mobile PC-based UEs Conditional Access MediaLab, Kyunghee University39

IVS Release 10 Work scope ~Dec Continuing to evaluate options to support the use cases on advanced UEs Evaluating the benefits and deployment scenarios of scalable video (e.g. H.264 Scalable Baseline Profile) compared to other H.264/AVC profiles Depending on the outcome of the above evaluation: Provide recommendations on the adoption of scalable video in MBMS and PSS for specific use cases and specify a codec, profiles and levels Provide recommendations on existing codec profiles and levels as needed for specific use cases and further enhancements to advanced terminals. Provide recommendations on modifying or extending the related enablers (i.e. transport and storage formats) If necessary, provide guidelines on necessary adjustments to existing service components and functionality for improved integration of scalable video  cross-layer design MediaLab, Kyunghee University40