“Super Strong Nuclear Force” caused by migrating K - mesons Toshimitsu Yamazaki and Yoshinori Akaishi RIKEN Chiral07 Nov , Osaka ATOMMOLECULE

Proc. Japan Acad. B 83 (2007) 144 arXiv: arXiv:

K - pp : basic building block Test of Kbar nuclear physics Predicted 2002 TY and Y. Akaishi, PLB 535 (2002) 70 B K = 48 MeV   = 61 MeV strange di-baryon, Kbar cluster, kaonic nuclear hydrogen molecule Natural extension of K - p as  (1405) K - pp, K - ppn,, based on the Akaishi-Y Kbar-N Interactions PRC 65 (2002)

Starting ansatz:  (1405) as “K - p atom” * decay channel M inv (  ) * formation channel K - + p 27 MeV below threshold : not possible However, one can tune K - + “p” in nuclei resonates in emulsion, in 4 He (  * dominant) but not in d More evidence will be obtained (AMADEUS)

K- stopped in emulsion

Katz et al. PRD1 (1970) K - in 4 He  1405 dominance

Akaishi’s ATMS variational method: with elementary KN and NN interactions

K - p (  *) “atom” persists in K - pp ! --> molecule

Heitler-London (1927) for H-H Heisenberg (1932) for p-n He atom vs H 2 molecule

Validity test on b, KN-hardcore, NN-hardcore Starting ansatz  (1405) --> robustly predicted K - pp

ATMS prediction for Kpp quite robust: consistent with N.V. Shevchenko, A. Gal and J. Mares, arXiv:nucl-th/ Y. Ikeda and T. Sato, HYP2006 contribution. Kpp beyond the present approach 1. Validity of the  (1405) Ansatz 2. Unknown interactions pertinent to 3-body systems; p-wave,,, 3. KN interaction modified by chiral symmetry restoration, quark structure,,, NN barrier weakened by Kbar ?

Yukawa’s struggling in 1933 how can such a migrating real particle exist in nuclei? Bose electron ? force range ? p + e - = n ? Finally, in 1935, Yukawa arrived at virtual mediating particle a la K. Nishijima

The Yukawa theory A virtual particle mediates strong interaction m U /m e ~ 200 The mesons discovered Fundamental concept in physics Heitler-London- Heisenberg scheme: completely abandoned ?

Nuclear density = constant Universal law ? Why ? saturation Common nuclear force A different N-N interaction would produce a different nuclear density --> different matter world Super Strong Nuclear Force

Range and Coherency of Kbar bonding Yukawa coupling (virtual meson) range: short ~ 1/m B saturation, constant nuclear density Kbar covalency (real Kbar: anti-u,d) large exchange energy range: short - medium: ~ 1/B K ~  1405 size higher density, large coherency range Kpp Kppp Kpppp Akaishi, Dote KKpp KKppp Akaishi, Dote

migrating-K - coherency length Maybe ~5 (Dote) With increasing K-

K-condensed matter:  matter by coherently migrating K - High density Liquid, Solid?

Molecular structure revealed justifies  (1405) as an atom  doorway: seed  doorway: successive seed  * formation and propagation K - absorption: old evidence p-p reaction: predicted, prepared

K - pp formation p + p --> K + + p +  *  *p sticking --> K + + K - pp: K - pp -->  + p How to prove the high density in Kbar nuclei ?

Conventional reactions: small sticking

Extraordinary sticking of  * + p into K - pp ** short collision length of pp ** compactness of K - pp ** large momentum transfer

Predicted spectra

DISTO Saturne p+p -> p+  +K 2.85 GeV

FOPI experimental proposal simulation

Thank you very much