Long Term Care Financing Strategies and Trends Robert Mollica September 2004

Overview Spending trends Systems focus Federal policy directions State budgeting framework Broad rebalancing strategies State examples –Washington –Wisconsin –Vermont –Maine

System focus One state agency manages the entire system Flexible money (state agency, local SEP, consumer) Multiple sources of funding Eligibility process doesn’t hinder access Seamless entry (single entry point) Multiple populations Full array of services Available funding/slots Consumer preferences and control Care management for nursing home residents

Medicaid spending (billions) Change Total$243$ % LTC$83.8$ % NF$44.8$ % ICF-MR$11.3$ % HCBS$18.6$ % Personal care$6.3$ % Home health$2.9$ % Eiken, Burwell, Medstat, May 2004

Medicaid spending (billions) Eiken, Burwell, Medstat, May 2004

Spending balance (billions) Institutions – drop from 77.1% to 66.9%

Spending Balance – Region All populations

Spending Balance – Region Elders and adults

Large states All populations

Large states Elders and adults

Selected states All populations

Selected states Elders and adults

Nursing home supply 65+ Region

NF supply selected states

Federal directions New Freedom initiative Legislation –Money follows the person –Presumptive eligibility Policy guidance –Transition expenses –Modifications –Medical equipment –Eligibility dates

Promoting balance: CMS Grants Three rounds of funding –Nursing home transition –System Change –CPASS –Independence Plus –Quality Assurance/Quality Improvement –Money Follows the Person –Aging & Disability Resource Centers Round 4 – Awards end of September

Aging and Disability Resource Center Grant Program Create a single, coordinated system of information and access for all persons seeking long term support to minimize confusion, enhance individual choice, and support informed decision-making Greg Case, AoA, 3/3/04

ADRC grantees AlaskaLouisianaNew Mexico ArkansasMaineNorth Carolina CaliforniaMaineNo. Marianna FloridaMarylandPennsylvania GeorgiaMinnesotaRhode Island IllinoisMontanaSouth Carolina IndianaNew HampshireWest Virginia IowaNew JerseyWisconsin

SEP functions I&R39 Web based I&A18 Initial screening37 NF PAS23 Assessment40 Financial elig16 Functional elig 37 Develop care plan 42 Authorize service 40 Monitor services 42 Reassess 40 Protective services 8 NASHP 2003

Populations served NASHP 2003

Funding sources NASHP 2003

Organizations NASHP 2003

Financing strategies Single long term care budget –Oregon –Washington –Massachusetts reorganization Money Follows the Person (Texas, Maryland, Indiana) Global budget – Vermont proposal Managed long term care – AZ, MA, MN, TX, WI Shifting capacity, special fund (Vermont)

Texas – Rider 37, 28 NF residents call state DHS hotline Verify Medicaid eligibility, coded Case manager prepares care plan Funds moved to waiver budget periodically –Allow up to $2,500 for transition services –Average $1,962 2,200 moved 9/2001-8/2003 1,169 since 8/2003

Living arrangements Source: Texas DHS

Length of stay before transition Source: Texas DHS

The Washington delivery system Hospital Senior Information and Assistance ADSA Home & Community Services Office  Financial Eligibility  Comp. Assessment  Service Authorization Nursing Facilities Assisted Living Adult Residential Care Adult Family Homes Alternative Residential Settings Home Care ADSA Case Management & NH Relocation AAA Case Management & Reassessment

Legislative direction… Consolidate state LTC policy, management and financing functions Consolidated budget structure gives management flexibility budget reduces NH caseload by 1,600 clients NH “bed need” assessment includes availability of home/community care Caseload Forecasting Council projects NH, PC & HCBS trends NH caseload falling; HCBS absorbs growth in service demand Aging and Disability Services Administration

Nursing home relocation Assign case managers to each nursing facilities Priority clients: new admits, 180 day conversions & others expressing interest Provide assistive technology and individualized community support services Use civil penalty fund and nursing facility discharge allowance Promote NH capacity reduction and bed conversion strategies Aging and Disability Services Administration

Nursing Home Caseload Trend Aging and Disability Services Administration

Home & community caseload trend Aging and Disability Services Administration

Washington LTC Caseload Caseload Trends 25,000 30,000 35, Medicaid Nursing Home Caseload Home & Community Caseload

Vermont Act 160 “The reductions required … shall be redirected in FY 1997 to fund home and community-based services. For fiscal year 1998 and thereafter, the reductions required... shall be redirected … to fund both home and community-based services and any programs designed to reduce the number of nursing home beds. Any general funds redirected but not spent during any fiscal year shall be transferred to the long-term care special administration fund...” Department of Aging and Disabilities

Vermont Act 160 Shifted funds from nursing home to the HCBS appropriation Goal 60-40% institution/community Strategies: NF moratorium, expand residential alternatives, one time investments Five percent drop in NF supply Budget crisis may shift funds back to entitlement services Department of Aging and Disabilities

Shifting the spending balance Department of Aging and Disabilities

Vermont spending trends (millions) Department of Aging and Disabilities

VT caseload trends Use of NFs alone would raise spending by $40 million Department of Aging and Disabilities

Vermont global budget (1115 proposal) Provide maximum choice of services and settings Eliminate institutional bias Promote early intervention Improve satisfaction Break link between 1915 (c) waivers and NF level of care Reduce NF use Control costs Department of Aging and Disabilities

Levels of intervention Highest need: Entitlement to NF or HCBS High need: Served as funds available Moderate need: At risk, as funds available Department of Aging and Disabilities

Long term care reform in Maine Goals for Reform Control Spending Respond to Consumer Demand for Choices Address Unmet Needs Reduce Reliance on Institutional Care Bureau of Elderly and Adult Services

Maine: deficit creates opening for reform 1993 Soaring nursing home costs Loose eligibility criteria Waiting lists for home care Few residential alternatives to institutional care Legislature tightens nursing home admission criteria Diverts savings to home care and the deficit Amends criteria for CON requiring cost neutrality for new projects. Bureau of Elderly and Adult Services

System restructuring Consolidated assessment and case management –reduce overhead costs –address disparities in service allocation Electronic long-term care eligibility determination system (MECARE) Increased management tools Bureau of Elderly and Adult Services

What’s working Home and community care increased from 16% to 39% of total budget –Per capita spending declined 12% Medicaid NF census dropped 17%, discharges to home tripled, and length of stay reduced nursing home beds (20% of total) banked, delicensed, or converted to residential care Data system able to respond to questions and challenges, and predict result of policy changes Bureau of Elderly and Adult Services

MECARE Provides real time program eligibility Enhances communication between departments, bureaus and organizations Statewide data on consumer characteristics, service plans and costs across settings/programs Integrates data sets (assessment and claims) Promotes maximization of Medicaid funding Bureau of Elderly and Adult Services

Maine NF spending trends

Maine HCBS trends Medicaid only

Maine caseload: state and Medicaid 1995: served 19, : served 25,667

Maine spending

Common themes among states Restructure during a budget crisis Seven point plan Leadership Comprehensive entry point system Financing strategy (pool, MFP, capitation) Expand in home and residential options Reduce NF supply –Occupancy penalty, bank, convert Nursing home relocation –Cover transition costs, Dedicated staff