10mg1moldeci=2.49mmol dL40.1g0.1L Change the blood test reading for calcium from conventional to world standard of mmol/L. 80mg1mol0.001=.0143mol dL55.8gmilliL Change the blood test reading for iron from conventional to molarity (M is mol/L). 80mg1dL0.001=0.08% wt/vol dL100mLmilli Change this blood test reading for cholesterol from conventional to % wt/vol 40ng10 -9 μmilli=40ppb mLnano Change this blood test reading for Vitamin D from conventional to ppb (μg/L) Sodium hydroxide (lye) can be used in closed environments to remove excess CO 2 gas. The balanced chemical equation is: 2NaOH(s) + CO 2(g) --> Na 2 CO 3(s) + H 2 O (g) Ace Hardware has these in one pound bottles. What mass of CO 2 (g) will the bottle be able to absorb? Potassium nitrate decomposes on heating, producing potassium oxide and gaseous nitrogen and oxygen. 4KNO 3 (s) --> 2K 2 O(s) + 2N 2 (g) + 5O 2 (g) We need to breath about 1 gram of oxygen (O 2 ) per minute. A pound of KNO 3 would provide how many minutes of oxygen? Practice In-class Test 2 for CHM151: Instructor, Ken Costello Equation Balancing, Classification, Prediction of Products, & Stoichiometry

Water is released Propyl acetate > pear flavor O || CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH + CH 3 C-OH H 2 O + CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 -O-CCH 3 OH O O || H 2 O + HO O || + Benzyl alcohol (globs in lava lamps) + acetic acid water + Benzyl acetate (peaches, strawberries) OH HO O || + H 2 O + OH HO O || + Isopentenyl alcohol + acetic acid water + Isopentenyl acetate (Juicy-Fruit) H 2 O + Acetic acid (vinegar) Propanol (propyl alcohol) H H H H C H C H O H H C H O H H C H C O H H H C H C H O H C H O C H H H C Example Ester Write the synthesized esters in shorthand formulas OH O || HO H 2 O + + water +Amyl salicylate (Pineapple flavor) Amyl alcohol (oil of potato spirit) salicylic acid (wart remover) Write what type of reaction it is and balance the following chemical equations. 2KClO 3 2KCl + 3O 2 2AlCl 3 + 3Ca 3CaCl 2 + 2Al 2NaCl + MgSO 4 Na 2 SO 4 + MgCl 2 CH 3 CH 2 OH + 3O 2 2CO 2 + 3H 2 O CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 Single replacement Decomposition Double replacement Combustion Synthesis (combination)

O H O C H H C O O HH Ethanol will burn in oxygen forming carbon dioxide and water. How many carbon dioxide molecules will form? ____ How many waters will form? ____ How many pairs of oxygen are needed? _____ C H H H O O K O O Cl O O K C H H C O O HH With heat, potassium perchlorate will release oxygen atoms that will attack the acetic acid and turn it into carbon dioxide and water vapor. Potassium chloride will be a salt residue. The atoms on the right dont match the number we started with. What two other molecules should be shown? O H C H O O Ba(OH) 2(aq) + CaSO 4(aq) BaSO 4(s) + Ca(OH) 2(aq) Draw the products of this double replacement reaction. Ca O O O O S Ba O H O H Practice Test 2 for CHM130LL: Instructor, Ken Costello Equation Balancing, Classification, and Prediction of Products (NH 4 ) 2 Cr 2 O 7 N 2 + 4H 2 O + Cr 2 O 3 Draw the products of this decomposition reaction. O O Cr O N O O O O N Mg (s) + 2Ag + (aq) + 2NO 3 - (aq) 2Ag (s) + Mg 2+ (aq) + 2NO 3 - (aq) Draw the products of this single replacement reaction. Mg O O O N Ag O O O N

Stable Li + K+K+ Ca 2+ Na + Mg 2+ Al 3+ Zn 2+ Cr 3+ Fe 3+ 2H + Cu 2+ Ag + Hg 2+ Cr 2 O H + Cl 2 MnO H + Au 3+ O2O2 F 2 Oxidizers Reducers Lithium Potassium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Chromium Iron (Fe) H2H2 Copper Silver (Ag) Mercury 2Cr 3+ +7H 2 O 2Cl - Mn H 2 O Gold 2O 2- 2F - Stable Single replacement reactions are based on elements either giving up electrons or taking electrons. Complete and balance the below reactions. Zn + 2H + (aq) Zn 2+ (aq) + H 2(g) 2Al + 6H + (aq) 2Al 3+ (aq) + 3H 2(g) 2Fe+ 6H + (aq) 2Fe 3+ (aq) + 3H 2(g) 2Hg (s) + O 2(gas) 2HgO (s) 3Ca (s) + 2Al 3+ (aq) 3Ca 2+ (aq) + 2Al (s) Ag (s) + Cl 2(g) 2AgCl (s) Au (s) + Cl 2(g) NR Ca 2+ (aq) + Ag + (aq) NR Fe + Ag NR Single replacement only occurs if the element on the right is below the element on the left. Mg (s) + 2AgNO 3(aq) 2Ag (s) + Mg(NO 3 ) 2(aq)

Ingredients to make an emergency low power battery. –A metal that sits above H + on the activity scale (it will be dissolved by H + ). –A metal that sits below the H + on the activity scale or carbon (such as the graphite in a pencil). It wont be affected by the H +. –An acid. List 4 metals that you are likely to find that sit above H + on the activity scale and say what object that may be made from that metal –Zinc (galvanized nail, galvanized sheet metal) –Chromium (any chrome plated object) –Aluminum (soda can, aluminum foil, any object made of aluminum) –Iron (nail or any rusty object) List 3 metals that you are likely to find that sit below H + on the activity scale and say what object that may be made from that metal –Copper (penny or copper wire) –Silver (any silver jewelry) –Gold (any gold or gold plated jewelry or object) List 5 acids that you are likely to find and what item may contain that acid. –Phosphoric acid (potato, Coca-cola and other sodas). –Citric acid (any citrus such as lemons, oranges, grapefruit) –Acetic acid (vinegar) –Sulfuric acid (dead car battery) –Hydrochloric acid (stomach acid) Draw the general setup for this emergency battery. Metal that doesnt react with H + Metal that gives electrons to H + H+H+ H+H+ e- H+H+ M+M+ M M Fruit, vegetable, or solution that contains the H + acid H 2(g) As metal dissolves, it gives up electrons that travel through device to the other side. The acid (H + ) picks up electrons and becomes hydrogen gas Electronic device