Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Introduction to Word Parts

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Lesson

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-3 Objectives  Describe four origins of medical terms.  Identify and define the four word parts and combining forms.  Analyze and define medical terms.  Build medical terms for given definitions.

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-4 Understand the Content of Chapter 1 Before Moving on to Chapter 2  Chapter 1 is the most important chapter in the text because it is here that you are introduced to word parts—word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining vowels—and the rules for combining them to build medical terms.  You will use this information in each of the subsequent chapters to analyze, build, define, and spell terms built from word parts.

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-5 Medicine Has a Language of Its Own  Current medical vocabulary includes terms built from Greek and Latin word parts, eponyms, acronyms, and terms from modern language

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-6 Origins of Medical Language

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-7 Clicker Question The medical term SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) is an example of a(an) a) term built from word parts b) acronym c) eponym d) term taken from modern language

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-8 Four Word Parts 1. Word Root: fundamental meaning of a medical term – the core of the word 2. Prefix: attached to beginning of a medical term to modify its meaning 3. Suffix: attached to end of a medical term to modify its meaning 4. Combining Vowel: used to ease pronunciation – usually an “o”

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-9 Table 1.1 Guidelines for Using Combining Vowels

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-10 Examples Word Roots: arthr: joint ven: vein Prefixes: intra-: within Suffixes: -itis: inflammation -ous: pertaining to Combining vowel: o hepat: liver oste: bone sub-: under -ic: pertaining to -pathy: disease

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-11 Clicker Question The word part that is the core of the word is a a) combining vowel b) suffix c) word root d) prefix

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-12 Combining Form Word Root + Combining Vowel Examples: arthr/o hepat/o ven/o oste/o

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-13 Table 1.2 Word Parts and Combining Form

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-14 Some Basic Rules  All medical terms have at least one word root  Not all medical terms have a prefix, suffix, or combining vowel  Combining vowels are used to connect word roots or word root and suffix  When a suffix begins with a vowel, the combining vowel is usually not used

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-15 Some Basic Rules (cont’d.)  When connecting two word roots, a combining vowel is usually used even if vowels are present at the junction Example: oste/o/arthr/itis  Usually medical terms are defined by starting at the end of the term and going back to the beginning Example: oste/o/arthr/itis–inflammation of the bone and joints

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-16 Some Basic Rules (cont’d.)  A few terms are more easily and accurately defined by starting at the beginning of the term. Example: melan/oma melan = black -oma = tumor

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-17 Clicker Question If vowels are present at the junction of two word roots (such as oste and arthr) in a medical term, a combining vowel is usually a) still used b) not used c) used twice d) the letter i

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-18 Table 1.3 Techniques To Learn Medical Terms Built From Words Parts

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-19 Word Parts for Practice Word Roots: (Comb. Forms) arthr/o: joint hepat/o: liver ven/o: vein osteo: bone Combining Vowel: o Prefixes: intra-: within sub-: under Suffixes: -itis: inflammation -ic: pertaining to -ous: pertaining -pathy: disease

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-20 Analyze and Define  arthritis  intravenous  osteitis  osteoarthritis  subhepatic  osteopathy  arthropathy  hepatitis

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-21 Building Medical Terms  inflammation of a joint  pertaining to within a vein  inflammation of the bone  inflammation of the bone and joint  pertaining to under the liver  disease of the bone  disease of the joint  inflammation of the liver

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-22  1. Normal knee joint.  2. Knee joint showing bone / cv / joint / inflammation. 1.2.

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-23 Clicker Question WR CV SS arthr/o/path/y CF WR CV S arthr/o/pathy CF P CV S arthr/o/pathy CF Which of the following is analyzed correctly? a)b) c)

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1-24 Grimm Cartoon