Early Childhood Care and Education in in Ethiopia

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Presentation transcript:

Early Childhood Care and Education in in Ethiopia Tirussew Teferra, Professor of Special Needs Education, Addis Ababa University, June 2010

Early Care and Education ECC is usually the responsibility of mothers ( strong emotional attachment and physical contact), Fathers’ role in childcare is very minimal, Widespread traditional and punitive child rearing practices, and Prevalence of of child neglect and abuse.

early Childhood Education Traditional Early Childhood Education Church Education/peer teaching and multiple levels/ age 4 > Koranic Education Modern Early Childhood Education Community/Kebele (affordable) Private (middle and upper class) NGOs (for low income families and orphans) Faith-based organizations

Features of the Early childhood Education Limited capacity (enrollment 2.7%) Diversified curricula and programs Understaffed (caregivers and teachers) Ill-equipped (facilities and learning materials) Lack of adequate space (play ground & classrooms) Not affordable (private) Programs focused on literacy & numeracy learning (reading, writing counting, adding etc.) Second language teaching (including games and stories)

Opportunities for Early Childhood Care and Education Favorable Policy Frameworks Education & Training Policy (TGE,1994) Confirms the importance of early childhood education; Proclaims that kindergarten will focus on all-round development of the child in preparation for formal schooling; and Gives due attention to students with disabilities gifted children

Opportunities for Early Childhood Care and Education Sector Development Programs Education Sector Development Program III (2005/2010) Early childhood education is considered as one of the important intervention areas in the coming five years

Other Opportunities … International Agencies an d Non-governmental organizations Supporting early childhood care and education programs Undertaking community, home and institute-based intervention programs Providing assistance to medical training centers and outreach programs Organizing drop-in centers for street children Educating parents, teachers and the general public about the child’s right convention etc.

Research and Intervention on Early Childhood Care and Education Early Psychosocial Intervention and Development Collaborative Project between Addis Ababa University and Universities of Bergen and Oslo, Norway (1990-2000); Study on Early Childhood Care and Development Intervention in Ethiopia ( World Bank, 1999); and National Study on Early Childhood Care and Education in Ethiopia (UNICEF and MOE,2006/07) (Research on Progress)

Project- 1 Early Psychosocial Intervention (Universities, Addis Ababa, Bergen and OSlO,1990-2000] MISC: Mediational Intervention for Sensitizing Caregivers [process] More Intelligent and sensitive Child

Project-2 ECCE- [ World Bank,1999] ECCD programs seemed to encourage early school enrolment and high retention rate in primary schools; It was further observed that parents of the ECCD children had a significantly notable follow-up and concern about their children's education compared to the non-ECCD parents ; The finding revealed that the ECCD parents' perception of their role in influencing the overall development of children was found to be higher than that of the non-ECCD parents, and The study has found out that children in the ECCD programs were not exposed to different types of illness and accidents compared to the non-ECCD children.

Project-3 National Study on Early childhood Care and Education : UNICEF & MOE, 2007 The research report has served as the ground for formulating national policy frame-work on ECCE

Final Remark The Way Forward : The Ministry of Education should consider ECE program as an integral part of the general education and ensures that every child has the opportunity to have access to early childhood education before he or she joins formal education. Encourage and support REBs and WEOs to open and run early childhood education programs under the auspices of primary schools; Coordinate and regulate early childhood education and teacher training programs to ensure standard and quality; and Establish inter-ministerial cooperation among the relevant sector ministries. “

[Africa Fit for Children, May 2001] “Today’s investment in children is tomorrow’s peace, stability, security, democracy and sustainable development ” [Africa Fit for Children, May 2001] Thank You !!