Louis boiron Alexandre diart OBESITY Louis boiron Alexandre diart

Summary What is obesity ? Causes Symptoms Consequences Treatment Surgery Prevention Bibliography

What is obesity ? Too much body fat Body Mass Index (BMI) = 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠² 25 ≥ BMI ≥ 29,9 : overweight 30 ≥ BMI ≥ 39,9 : obese BMI ≥ 40 : very obese (« morbidly obese ») Muscular or puberty On the body: Women : hips and buttocks = « pear shape » Men : around their bellies = « apple shape »

How common is obesity ?

What causes obesity ? Lifestyle choices Lack of physical activity e.g. : fast food, not eating fruits and vegetables… Lack of physical activity Genes Medical reasons

Symptoms Short-term problems: Long-term problems: Breathlessness Increased sweating Snoring Difficulty sleeping Long-term problems: High blood pressure High cholesterol levels Type 2 diabetes Psychological problems: Self-esteem…

Consequences of obesity Excessive body weight <-> various deseases Mortality: Preventable BMI ≥ 32: doubled mortality rate Reducing life expectancy Morbidity: Risk increased Hight blood pressure Infertility Type 2 diabetes Cancer Heart disease Asthma…

Relative risk of death

Relative risk of death

Treatment Aim: lose weight Diet advice: Types of diet: Healthy diet & reduce calories Types of diet: Low-calorie diets (LCDs) Very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs) Children: special kind of diet Increase your exercise Medication : GP

e.g. of a drug: Orlistrat Xenical® (by Roche) Blocking an enzyme: indigest fat is not absorbed A capsule/meal Significant effort before BMI ≥ 28 Contraindications: Malabsorption Pregnency & breastfeeding Side effects: Fatty or oily stools Needing the toilet urgently Upper respiratory tract infections

Surgery « bariatric surgery » Health affected Treatment options don’t work BMI ≥ 40 Long-term follow-up treatment Specialist

Prevention Eat healthily Physically active Parent’s help Strachy foods, avoid sugar, eat breakfast… Physically active Walking, cycling, avoid seeting… Parent’s help Regular meals (with chilren), encourage children

Questions to a health professional about… Weight? Active? Healthy eating? Advice on buying? Leaflet?

Bibliography NHS, 01/03/12, http://www.nhs.uk/Pages/HomePage.aspx NICE, 01/03/12, http://www.nice.org.uk WIN, 01/03/12, http://win.niddk.nih.gov/publications/understanding.htm#who WHO, 01/03/12, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html Wikipedia, 01/03/12, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity#Causes