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 the practice of people being tricked, lured, coerced or otherwise removed from their home or country  then compelled to work with no or low payment or on terms which are highly exploitative.  The practice is considered to be trade or commerce in people, which has many features of slavery and which is illegal in most countries. 2

 The International Labor Organization (ILO) says there are eight main forms of forced labor in the world today: 1. Farm & Rural Debt Bondage 2. Bonded Labour 3. Domestic Labour 4. Prison 5. Compulsory 6. Military 7. Slavery 8. Human Trafficking 3

 All wages go to paying for transportation, food and shelter  "locked into debt" by recruiters and landowners  can't leave because of force, threats or the remote location of the worksites. Some Countries involved:  Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Cote d'Ivoire, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Togo 4

 often starts with the worker agreeing to provide labor in exchange for a loan, but quickly develops into bondage as the employer adds more and more "debt" to the bargain. Countries involved:  Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistán, Sri Lanka 5

 Maids and other domestic servants are sold to their employers or bonded to them by debts. Some Countries involved:  Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, France, Haiti, the Middle East 6

 The contracting out of prison labor or forcing of prisoners to work for profit-making enterprises. Some Countries involved:  Australia, Austria, China, Cote d'Ivoire, France, Germany, New Zealand, Madagascar, Malaysia, USA 7

 People are required by law to work on public construction projects such as roads and bridges. Some Countries involved:  Cambodia, the Central African Republic, Kenya, Burma (also known as Myanmar), Sierra Leone, Swaziland, Tanzania, Vietnam 8

 Civilians are forced to do work for government authorities or the military. Some Countries involved:  Burma (also known as Myanmar) 9

 A "physical abduction" followed by forced labor. Some Countries involved:  Congo, Liberia, Mauritania, Sierra Leone and Sudan 10

 forced by someone who will profit from selling them or forcing them to work  most often in sexual trades  Includes sale of babies and children for international adoption  Many countries are both the "origin" and "destination" for victims. 11

 Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, Ghana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Republic of Korea, Laos, Latvia, Malaysia, Moldova, Myanmar, the Netherlands, Nepal, Nigeria, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Thailand, Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA, Vietnam, Yugoslavia  THIS IS JUST A SNAPSHOT! 12

 International legal instruments take the form of a treaty (also called agreement, convention, or protocol) that binds the contracting states to the negotiated terms. The following international instruments determine standards for the abolition of and protection against slavery, forced labour and slavery-like practices: 13

 Slavery Convention of 1926 (Assembly of Nations)  ILO Convention (No. 29) concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour (1930)  Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)  Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others (1949)  Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery (1956)  ILO Convention (No. 105) Concerning the Abolition of Forced Labour (1957)  ILO Convention (182) concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour(1989)  Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (2000) 14

 Each year the United States Government published the Trafficking in Persons Report  serves to expose the aspects of trafficking. 15

 Assessing each governments anti-trafficking efforts involves a two-step process:  Significant Numbers of Victims  Tier Placement 16

 a country must be determined as "a country of origin, transit, or destination for a significant number of victims of severe forms of trafficking," generally on the order of 100 or more victims 17

 Countries placed into one of the three lists, described here as tiers dictated by the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (2000)  This placement is based on the extent of a governments actions to combat trafficking. 18

Tier 1  whether the government fully complies with the TVPAs minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking Tier 2  Governments that are making significant efforts to meet the minimum standards Tier 2 Watch List  Countries that fail to show evidence of increased efforts to combat trafficking from the previous year Tier 3  countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so 19

 No country placement is permanent.  All countries must maintain and increase efforts to combat trafficking. 20