Web folio By Keiry Rodriguez

Table of Contents Formulas Scientific Method Three States of Matter Five Phase Changes Parts of an Atom Periodic Table Solutions Covalent and Ionic Bonds Mixtures Newton’s Three Laws Simple Machines Heat Transfer Waves Electricity 2

Formulas Velocity= Distance/Time Acceleration= Final Velocity-Initial Velocity/Time Force= Mass x Acceleration Momentum= Mass x Velocity Kinetic Energy= ½ Mass x (Velocity) ¨ Work= Force x Distance Power= Work done/Time interval Specific Heat= Constant x mass x change in temperature 3

Scientific Method I.Research Question: What you want to find out II.Identify Variables: What will be changed (IV), what will be affected by the change (DV), and what will remain the same (CV) in the experiment that will be conducted. III.Write a Hypothesis: The researcher’s educated guess on what will happen. IV.Write the Procedure: A detailed account of what you did in the experiment. V.Analyze Data: The results from your experiment. VI.Conclusion: States whether the hypothesis was correct or not and answers the research question. 4

The Three States Of Matter The three states of matter are… Solid: Particles are tightly packed together Liquid: Particles are touching but can move around. Gas: Particles are far away from one another so they can move around freely. 5

Five Phases Of Matter Condensation: Gas turns into liquid. Sublimation: Solid transitions into gas. Evaporation: Liquid transforms into gas. Melting Point: Solid melts into liquid. Freezing Point: Liquid turns into solid. 6

Parts Of An Atom An atom is made out of protons, electrons, and neutrons. Protons are the positively charged particles within an atom. Electrons are the negatively charged particles within an atom. Neutrons are the neutrally charged particles. 7

Periodic Table The periodic table consists of all the elements from Hydrogen to Lawrencium. The periodic table is systemized by Groups and Periods. Groups are the vertical columns that run across the chart and periods are the horizontal rows that run through the chart. The elements of the periodic table are metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and the noble gases. 8

Periodic Table 9

Solutions Solutions are when one substance is dissolved into another. Solvent-Substance that dissolves Solute-Substance that is dissolved The two different solution states are: I.Unsaturated-it can hold more solute II.Saturated- can not have more solute because it will not dissolve it 10

Mixtures A mixture can be separated No new substance is made Substances maintain their properties There are two types of mixtures: I.Homogeneous-Can’t see the particles II.Heterogeneous-Can see the particles 11

Covalent and Ionic Bonds An ionic bond is when is when an atom either gains or loses electrons Ionic bonds only take place between metals and non-metals. Covalent bonds are the sharing of electrons between two atoms. 12

Newton’s Three Laws Newton’s first law states that when an object is in motion it will stay in motion until a force acts upon it as well as an object will stay in rest until a force is acted upon it. Newton’s second law states that the amount of force used to do something is based upon the object’s mass. Newton’s third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. 13

Newton’s Three Laws (continued) First Law Second Law Third Law 14

The Six Simple Machines Pulley Wheel and Axle Lever Inclined Plane Wedge Screw Compound machines are two or more simple machines combined to make one new machine. 15

Heat Transfer Heat-The movement of energy from one place to another Heat is transferred in three ways: I.Conduction-Movement of heat through touch II.Convection-Transfer of heat through liquid III.Radiation-Passage of heat through the air. 16

Waves Waves move energy from one point to another. There are two types of waves: Mechanical: Waves that need a medium to occur. Electromagnetic: Waves that do not need a medium. A medium is the matter that causes waves (can be a solid, liquid, or gas). Waves can be categorized as transversal or longitudinal. 17

Waves (continued) Examples of mechanical waves are earthquakes, tsunamis, Sound waves etc. Examples of electromagnetic waves are microwaves, cell phones, radio waves etc. Waves can act in different ways: I.Reflection- When waves bounce of a surface II.Refraction- When waves speed is affected by the medium III.Diffraction- When waves go around an object 18

Electromagnetic Wave Spectrum 19 The electromagnetic wave spectrum is a scale the frequency of different electromagnetic waves. It begins with the lowest frequency waves (Radio Waves) and ends with the highest frequency waves (Gamma Rays). Radio Waves MicrowavesInfraredVisible Light UltravioletX-raysGamma Rays

Electricity Electricity is created by the flow of electrons. Through electricity three things occur: I.Electric charge- When an object has too many or too few electrons II.Electric field- The area around the charged object III.Static electricity- when an object has a build up of an electric charge 20

Electricity (continued) Three ways to charge an object are: I.Induction- Charging an object without touching II.Contact- charging an object through touch III.Polarization- Like charged objects repelling from one another and oppositely charged objects attracting to one another Example of Polarization: 21