The Ancient Civilizations

Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BC The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”

What is a Civilization? an advanced state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry, and government has been reached.

What does a society need in order to be called a Civilization? Cities as centers for trade Record Keeping a form of writing Specialized Jobs and skilled workers Institutions- Government, Religion, Education Advanced Technologies and Tools

Cities as centers for trade A place for people to bring things to trade for other items Protection, Culture, Easier life

Record Keeping - Writing Babylonian - Cuneiform Inca-Quipu Egyptian hieroglyphics

Specialized Jobs Jewelry Maker Scribes Farmers Mr. Edge Stone Mason Military Al Asad, Iraq

Religion Institutions Government Code of Hammurabi E D U C A T I O N

Advanced Technologies and Tools

Sumerians

Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic Enki Innana Anthropomorphic Gods

Mesopotamian Trade “The Cuneiform World”

Gilgamesh – Story Telling

Gilgamesh Epic Tablet: Flood Story

Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing

Cuneiform Writing

Sumerian Scribes “Tablet House”

Sumerian Cylinder Seals

Ziggurat at Ur Temple “Mountain of the Gods”

The Royal Standard of Ur

Mesopotamian Harp

Board Game From Ur

Sophisticated Metallurgy Skills at Ur

Sargon of Akkad: The World’s First Empire [Akkadians]

The Babylonian Empires

Hammurabi’s [r. 1792-1750 B. C. ] Code

Hammurabi, the Judge

Babylonian Math

Babylonian Numbers