Welcome to AP Chemistry Mr. Giauque Room 123. What is AP Chemistry? l It is several things l Equivalent of 1 year college inorganic chemistry class l.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Welcome to AP Chemistry
Advertisements

Practice Quiz Put the following in order from smallest to largest.
The Scientific Method.
Analyzing Data Chapter 2.
Welcome to AP Chemistry
Chapter 2 Metric System.
Ch. 5 Notes---Scientific Measurement
Measurements and Calculations
Welcome to AP Chemistry. What is AP Chemistry? l It is several things l Equivalent of 1 year college inorganic chemistry class l A class that will prepare.
Welcome to AP Chemistry
Welcome to AP Chemistry. What is AP Chemistry? It is several things Equivalent of 1 year college inorganic chemistry class A class that will prepare you.
Introduction to Chemistry.  No eating or drinking!  Wear goggles at all times!  Use common sense!
Metric System l Every measurement has two parts l Number l Scale (unit) l SI system (le Systeme International) based on the metric system l Prefix + base.
CHAPTER 2 Metric System. THE METRIC SYSTEM Measuring The numbers are only half of a measurement. It is 10 long. 10 what? Numbers without units are.
AP Notes Chapter 1 Matter & Measurement
Metric System Based on the decimal system, the metric system is the common system used for scientific measurements.
 Meaningful digits in a MEASUREMENT  Exact numbers are counted, have unlimited significant figures  If it is measured or estimated, it has sig figs.
Chapter 2 Measurements in Chemistry Chemistry 2A.
More Preliminaries Scientific Method Metric System Uncertainty.
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement. What is Chemistry? The study of all substances and the changes that they can undergo The CENTRAL SCIENCE.
Chapter 2: Scientific Method Cartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net.
3.1 Measurements and Their Uncertainty
Chapter 2 Standards of Measurement Objectives:  Understand Mass and Weight (2.1)  Identify the metric units of measurement (2.6)  Explain what causes.
Introduction: Matter & Measurement AP Chemistry Chapter 1.
Review of General Chem Scientific Method Metric System Uncertainty Dimensional Analysis.
Welcome to AP Chemistry. Scientific Method l A method of solving problems/answering questions l Observation- what is seen or measured l Hypothesis- educated.
Welcome to AP Chemistry. What is AP Chemistry? It is several things Equivalent of a 1 st year college inorganic chemistry class A class that will prepare.
Chapter 2 Standards of Measurement Objectives:  Understand Mass and Weight (2.1)  Identify the metric units of measurement (2.6)  Explain what causes.
Welcome to AP Chemistry !. Scientific Measurements SI Units Significant Figures.
Section 2.1 Units and Measurements
Measurements & Calculations Chapter 2. Nature of Measurement Measurement - quantitative observation consisting of two parts: Part 1 - number Part 2 -
Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement Measurement In chemistry, #’s are either very small or very large 1 gram of hydrogen = 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.
Unit 1- Matter and Measurement Chapter 1 in text book Day 1.
Welcome to AP Chemistry. What is AP Chemistry? l It is several things l Equivalent of 1 year college inorganic chemistry class l A class that will prepare.
Chapter 2 (read pp ) The Scientific Method and Units of Measurement Test is Friday Aug 31st.
Foundations of Chemistry. Prefixes l Tera-T1,000,000,000, l giga- G 1,000,000, l mega - M 1,000, l kilo - k 1, l deci-d0.1.
Welcome to AP Chemistry. What is AP Chemistry? l It is several things: –Equivalent of 1 year college inorganic chemistry class –A class that will prepare.
Chapter 3. Measurement Measurement-A quantity that has both a number and a unit. EX: 12.0 feet In Chemistry the use of very large or very small numbers.
INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY CHAPTERS 1 AND 2. 1.) WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?  The study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
Iii. Measurement I. Units of Measurement I.SI Base Units & Prefixes  Derived Units  Calculations  Significant Figures  Precision and Accuracy.
Welcome to AP Chemistry. What is AP Chemistry? l It is several things l Equivalent of 1 year college inorganic chemistry class l A class that will prepare.
More Preliminaries Scientific Method Metric System Uncertainty.
© Adrian Dingle’s Chemistry Pages 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, All rights reserved. These materials may NOT be copied or redistributed.
Welcome to AP Chemistry. What is AP Chemistry? l It is several things l Equivalent of 1 year college inorganic chemistry class l A class that will prepare.
Chapter 2 Measurement and Calculations GHS R. Krum.
Welcome to AP Chemistry. What is AP Chemistry? l It is several things l Equivalent of 1 year college inorganic chemistry class l A class that will prepare.
Chapter 3- Measurement This powerpoint highlights what you should know and be able to do for the chapter 3 test. Reading this will NOT guarantee you an.
Chapter 1 The Nature of Science.
Welcome to AP Chemistry !
Welcome to AP Chemistry
Introduction To Chemistry
Observing, Measuring, & Calculating
Measurement.
Section 2.1 Units and Measurements
Measurements and Calculations
Basic Units Length meters Mass kilograms Time seconds.
Drill: Classify each of the following:
Please show your work for the metric conversions below.
Metric Systems and Significant Figures
Chapter 1- start to finish
Scientific Method Metric System Uncertainty
Welcome to AP Chemistry
Basic Units Length meters Mass kilograms Time seconds.
Chapter 1 Chemical Foundations
Chapter 3.
Scientific Measurement
Scientific Method Metric System Uncertainty
The Scientific Method.
Chapter 2 Analyzing Data
Introduction to Chemistry and Measurement
Presentation transcript:

Welcome to AP Chemistry Mr. Giauque Room 123

What is AP Chemistry? l It is several things l Equivalent of 1 year college inorganic chemistry class l A class that will prepare you for a test l Monday,May 5 l Hard work l A wonderful learning experience

Rules and Procedures l You know the basic rules but here are a few that are specific for this class l No food, drink, gum or Cell Phones! l LATE WORK l If you forget to bring in your homework, I will accept it ONE day late with a parent's signature, for full credit. l I will not accepted it any later.

Rules and Procedures l MAKE-UP WORK l It is your responsibility to make up all the work you missed. You have the same number of days that you were absent to turn in the missing work. l Pick up any missing work, and notes before or after class. l If you miss a test or quiz, it must be made up after school or during Advisory.

Rules and Procedures l Absences, Tardies & Early dismissal l School Attendance Policy will be followed. l You will not leave my class early for assemblies or another class. l You have one day to make up the work assigned.

Rules and Procedures l PASSES l Since every minute of class time is valuable, hall passes will be given only on an emergency basis. l Plan accordingly and come prepared to work.

Rules and Procedures l LAB- Because of the importance of safety in the lab, violation of laboratory safety rules and procedures may result in loss of lab privileges. l Please Print and bring your lab saftey contract the first day of school.

Grading l Percentage scale % A 80-89% B 70-79% C 69-60% D > 59% F

Grading l Quarter Grade –Tests50% –Homework/Classwork 15% –Quizzes 20% –Lab Reports 15% l Semester Grade –40% from each quarter –20% on final –AP exam determines grade S2 Final

Exams l Exams will be based on Chapter units or topics. l Exam corrections will be made for credit. l First Semester Final will consist of questions over the topics covered to date. l Second Semester Final will be a Practice AP Exam

What you need for class l Paper l Pencil or pen, l Calculator- scientific Ti 80 series l Book? l Lab Notebook (composition notebook)

Why Third Period? l College chemistry labs take more than 56 or 77 minutes, l To do those labs we will have to come early or stay late (Advisory & 1 st lunch) l I will let you know

Any questions? l Lets get started

Significant figures Pgs… l Meaningful digits in a MEASUREMENT l Exact numbers are counted, have unlimited significant figures l If it is measured or estimated, it has sig figs. l If not it is exact. l All numbers except zero are significant. l Some zeros are, some aren’t

Which zeroes count? l In between other sig figs does l Before the first number doesn’t l After the last number counts iff l it is after the decimal point l the decimal point is written in l sig figs l sig figs

Doing the math l Multiplication and division, same number of sig figs in answer as the least in the problem l Addition and subtraction, same number of decimal places in answer as least in problem.

More Preliminaries Scientific Method Metric System Uncertainty

Scientific method. l A way of solving problems l Observation- what is seen or measured l Hypothesis- educated guess of why things behave the way they do. (possible explanation) l Experiment- designed to test hypothesis l leads to new observations, l and the cycle goes on

Scientific method. l After many cycles, a broad, generalizable explanation is developed for why things behave the way they do l Theory l Also regular patterns of how things behave the same in different systems emerges l Law l Laws are summaries of observations

Scientific method. l Theories have predictive value. l The true test of a theory is if it can predict new behaviors. l If the prediction is wrong, the theory must be changed. l Theory- why l Law - how

Observations Hypothesis Experiment Law Theory (Model) Prediction Experiment Modify

Metric System l Every measurement has two parts l Number l Scale (unit) l SI system (le Systeme International) based on the metric system l Prefix + base unit l Prefix tells you the power of 10 to multiply by - decimal system -easy conversions

Metric System l Base Units l Mass - kilogram (kg) l Length- meter (m) l Time - second (s) l Temperature- Kelvin (K) l Electric current- ampere (amp, A) l Amount of substance- mole (mol)

Prefixes l giga- G 1,000,000, l mega - M 1,000, l kilo - k 1, l deci-d l centi-c l milli-m l micro-m l nano-n

Deriving the Liter l Liter is defined as the volume of 1 dm 3 l gram is the mass of 1 cm 3

Mass and Weight l Mass is measure of resistance to change in motion l Weight is force of gravity. l Sometimes used interchangeably l Mass can’t change, weight can

Uncertainty l Basis for significant figures l All measurements are uncertain to some degree l Precision- how repeatable l Accuracy- how correct - closeness to true value. l Random error - equal chance of being high or low- addressed by averaging measurements - expected

Uncertainty l Systematic error- same direction each time l Want to avoid this l Better precision implies better accuracy l you can have precision without accuracy l You can’t have accuracy without precision

Dimensional Analysis Using the units to solve problems

Dimensional Analysis l Use conversion factors to change the units l Conversion factors = 1 l 1 foot = 12 inches (equivalence statement) l 12 in = 1 = 1 ft. 1 ft. 12 in l 2 conversion factors l multiply by the one that will give you the correct units in your answer.

Examples l 11 yards = 2 rod l 40 rods = 1 furlong l 8 furlongs = 1 mile l The Kentucky Derby race is 1.25 miles. How long is the race in rods, furlongs, meters, and kilometers? l A marathon race is 26 miles, 385 yards. What is this distance in rods, furlongs, meters, and kilometers?

Examples l Science fiction often uses nautical analogies to describe space travel. If the starship U.S.S. Enterprise is traveling at warp factor 1.71, what is its speed in knots? l Warp 1.71 = 5.00 times the speed of light l speed of light = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s l 1 knot = 2000 yd/h exactly

l Apothecaries (druggists) use the following set of measures in the English system: l 20 grains ap = 1 scruple (exact) l 3 scruples = 1 dram ap (exact) l 8 dram ap = 1 oz. ap (exact) l 1 dram ap = g l 1 oz. ap = ? oz. troy l What is the mass of 1 scruple in grams? Examples

l The speed of light is 3.00 x 10 8 m/s. How far will a beam of light travel in 1.00 ns?

Temperature and Density

Temperature l A measure of the average kinetic energy l Different temperature scales, all are talking about the same height of mercury. l Derive a equation for converting ºF toºC

0ºC 32ºF 0ºC = 32ºF

100ºC212ºF 100ºC = 212ºF 0ºC 32ºF 0ºC = 32ºF

100ºC212ºF 0ºC 32ºF 100ºC = 212ºF 0ºC = 32ºF 100ºC = 180ºF

100ºC212ºF 0ºC 32ºF 100ºC = 212ºF 0ºC = 32ºF 100ºC = 180ºF 1ºC = (180/100)ºF 1ºC = 9/5ºF

ºC ºF

ºC ºF (0,32)= (C 1,F 1 )

ºC ºF (0,32) = (C 1,F 1 ) (120,212) = (C 2,F 2 )

Density l Ratio of mass to volume l D = m/V l Useful for identifying a compound l Useful for predicting weight l An intrinsic property- does not depend on what the material is

Density Problem l An empty container weighs g. Filled with carbon tetrachloride (density 1.53 g/cm 3 ) the container weighs g. What is the volume of the container?

Density Problem lAlA 55.0 gal drum weighs 75.0 lbs. when empty. What will the total mass be when filled with ethanol? density g/cm 3 1 gal = 3.78 L 1 lb = 454 g