1 Week #7 Network Access Protection Overview of Network Access Protection How NAP Works Configuring NAP Monitoring and Troubleshooting NAP

2 Network Access Protection can: What Is Network Access Protection? Enforce health-requirement policies on client computers Ensure client computers are compliant with policies Offer remediation support for computers that do not meet health requirements Network Access Protection cannot: Prevent authorized users with compliant computers from performing malicious activity Restrict network access for computers that are running Windows versions previous to Windows XP SP2

3 NAP Scenarios NAP benefits the network infrastructure by verifying the health state of: Roaming laptops Desktop computers Visiting laptops Unmanaged home computers

4 MethodKey Points IPsec enforcement for IPsec- protected communications Computer must be compliant to communicate with other compliant computers The strongest NAP enforcement type, and can be applied per IP address or protocol port number 802.1X enforcement for IEEE 802.1X-authenticated wired or wireless connections Computer must be compliant to obtain unlimited access through an 802.1X connection (authentication switch or access point) VPN enforcement for remote access connections Computer must be compliant to obtain unlimited access through a RAS connection DHCP enforcement for DHCP- based address configuration Computer must be compliant to receive an unlimited access IPv4 address configuration from DHCP This is the weakest form of NAP enforcement NAP Enforcement Methods

5 NAP Platform Architecture Intranet Remediation Servers Internet NAP Health Policy Server DHCP Server Health Registration Authority IEEE 802.1X Devices Active Directory VPN Server Restricted Network NAP Client with limited access Perimeter Network

6 NAP Architecture Interactions HRA VPN Server DHCP Server IEEE 802.1X Network Access Devices Health Requirement Server Remediation Server NAP Client NAP Health Policy Server RADIUS Messages System Health Updates HTTP or HTTP over SSL Messages System Health Requirement Queries DHCP Messages PEAP Messages over PPP PEAP Messages over EAPOL

7 NAP Client Infrastructure NAP Client Remediation Server 2Remediation Server 1 NAP Agent NAP EC API NAP EC_ANAP EC_BNAP EC_C SHA API SHA_1 SHA_2SHA_3...

8 NAP Server-Side Infrastructure Health Requirement Server 2 Health Requirement Server 1 NAP Administration Server SHV API SHV_1 SHV_2SHV_3... NPS Service NAP Health Policy Server NAP ES_A NAP ES_BNAP ES_C... Windows-based NAP Enforcement Point RADIUS

9 Communication Between NAP Platform Components NAP Health Policy Server Windows-based NAP Enforcement Point NAP Administration Server SHV API SHV_1 SHV_2 NPS Service RADIUS Health Requirement Server 1 Health Requirement Server 2 NAP Agent NAP EC API NAP EC_ANAP EC_B SHA API SHA1SHA2 NAP Client Remediation Server 1 Remediation Server 2 NAP ES_BNAP ES_A

10 NAP Health Policy Server Windows-based NAP Enforcement Point NAP Administration Server SHV API SHV_1 SHV_2 NPS Service RADIUS Health Requirement Server 1 Health Requirement Server 2 NAP Agent NAP EC API NAP EC_ANAP EC_B SHA API SHA1SHA2 NAP Client Remediation Server 1 Remediation Server 2 NAP ES_BNAP ES_A To validate network access based on system health, a network infrastructure must provide the following functionality: Health policy validation: Determines whether computers are compliant with health policy requirements Network access limitation: Limits access for noncompliant computers Automatic remediation: Provides necessary updates to allow a noncompliant computer to become compliant Ongoing compliance: Automatically updates compliant computers so that they adhere to ongoing changes in health policy requirements NAP Enforcement Processes

11 Intranet Remediation Servers Internet NAP Health Policy Server DHCP Server Health Registration Authority IEEE 802.1X Devices Active Directory VPN Server Restricted Network NAP Client with limited access Perimeter Network How IPsec Enforcement Works Key Points of IPsec NAP Enforcement: Comprised of a health certificate server and an IPsec NAP EC Health certificate server issues X.509 certificates to quarantine clients when they are verified as compliant Certificates are then used to authenticate NAP clients when they initiate IPsec-secured communications with other NAP clients on an intranet IPsec Enforcement confines the communication on a network to those nodes that are considered compliant You can define requirements for secure communications with compliant clients on a per-IP address or a per-TCP/UDP port number basis

12 Intranet Remediation Servers Internet NAP Health Policy Server DHCP Server Health Registration Authority IEEE 802.1X Devices Active Directory VPN Server Restricted Network NAP Client with limited access Perimeter Network How 802.1X Enforcement Works Key Points of 802.1X Wired or Wireless NAP Enforcement: Computer must be compliant to obtain unlimited network access through an 802.1X-authenticated network connection Noncompliant computers are limited through a restricted-access profile that the Ethernet switch or wireless AP place on the connection Restricted access profiles can specify IP packet filters or a virtual LAN (VLAN) identifier (ID) that corresponds to the restricted network 802.1X enforcement actively monitors the health status of the connected NAP client and applies the restricted access profile to the connection if the client becomes noncompliant 802.1X enforcement consists of NPS in Windows Server 2008 and an EAPHost EC in Windows Vista, Windows XP with SP2 (with the NAP Client for Windows XP), and Windows Server 2008

13 Intranet Remediation Servers Internet NAP Health Policy Server DHCP Server Health Registration Authority IEEE 802.1X Devices Active Directory VPN Server Restricted Network NAP Client with limited access Perimeter Network Key Points of VPN NAP Enforcement: Computer must be compliant to obtain unlimited network access through a remote access VPN connection Noncompliant computers have network access limited through a set of IP packet filters that are applied to the VPN connection by the VPN server VPN enforcement actively monitors the health status of the NAP client and applies the IP packet filters for the restricted network to the VPN connection if the client becomes noncompliant VPN enforcement consists of NPS in Windows Server 2008 and a VPN EC as part of the remote access client in Windows Vista, Windows XP with SP2 (with the NAP Client for Windows XP), and Windows Server 2008 How VPN Enforcement Works

14 Intranet Remediation Servers Internet NAP Health Policy Server DHCP Server Health Registration Authority IEEE 802.1X Devices Active Directory VPN Server Restricted Network NAP Client with limited access Perimeter Network Key Points of DHCP NAP Enforcement: Computer must be compliant to obtain an unlimited access IPv4 address configuration from a DHCP server Noncompliant computers have network access limited by an IPv4 address configuration that allows access only to the restricted network DHCP enforcement actively monitors the health status of the NAP client and renews the IPv4 address configuration for access only to the restricted network if the client becomes noncompliant DHCP enforcement consist of a DHCP ES that is part of the DHCP Server service in Windows Server 2008 and a DHCP EC that is part of the DHCP Client service in Windows Vista, Windows XP with SP2 (with NAP Client for Windows XP), and Windows Server 2008 How DHCP Enforcement Works

15 What Are System Health Validators? System Health Validators are server software counterparts to system health agents Each SHA on the client has a corresponding SHV in NPS SHVs allow NPS to verify the statement of health made by its corresponding SHA on the client SHVs contain the required configuration settings on client computers The Windows Security SHV corresponds to the Microsoft SHA on client computers

16 What Is a Health Policy? To make use of the Windows Security Health Validator, you must configure a Health Policy and assign the SHV to it Health policies consist of one or more SHVs and other settings that allow you to define client computer configuration requirements for NAP-capable computers that attempt to connect to your network You can define client health policies in NPS by adding one or more SHVs to the health policy NAP enforcement is accomplished by NPS on a per-network policy basis After you create a health policy by adding one or more SHVs to the policy, you can add the health policy to the network policy and enable NAP enforcement in the policy

17 What Are Remediation Server Groups? With NAP enforcement in place, you should specify remediation server groups so the clients have access to resources that bring noncompliant NAP-capable clients into compliance A remediation server hosts the updates that the NAP agent can use to bring noncompliant client computers into compliance with the health policy that NPS defines A remediation server group is a list of servers on the restricted network that noncompliant NAP clients can access for software updates

18 NAP Client Configuration Some NAP deployments that use Windows Security Health Validator require that you enable Security Center The Network Access Protection service is required when you deploy NAP to NAP-capable client computers You also must configure the NAP enforcement clients on the NAP-capable computers

19 What Is NAP Tracing? NAP tracing identifies NAP events and records them to a log file based on the one of the following tracing levels: Basic Advanced Debug You can use tracing logs to: Evaluate the health and security of your network For troubleshooting and maintenance NAP tracing is disabled by default, which means that no NAP events are recorded in the trace logs

20 Configuring NAP Tracing You can configure NAP tracing by using one of the following tools: The NAP Client Management console The Netsh command-line tool To enable logging functionality, you must be a member of the Local Administrators group Trace logs are located in the following directory: %systemroot%\tracing\nap