Ovarian tumor Wei Jiang, M.D., Ph.D. Attending of Ob & Gyn Ob & Gyn Hospital, Fudan University 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai -----From textbook to application

Overview Key points Case discussion

What is the difference between cancer and tumor? What do you think?

What is Cancer? Simplest definition From the American Cancer Society “ cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the spread is not controlled, it can result in death.” Tumor –Two types: Benign (non-cancerous) – not cancer! –Does not spread; it can eventually become malignant in some cases. Malignant (cancerous) – this is cancer! –Has the potential to spread to other parts of body

5 Role of Cell Division in Cancer Top = normal cell division Bottom = unregulated cell division and tumor formation Malignant If tumor invades surrounding tissue (cancerous) Metastatic If individual cells break away and start a new tumor elsewhere (cancerous) Benign If tumor has no effect on surrounding tissue (non-cancerous) Image from the National Cancer Institute

Primary ovarian tumors Epithelial: serous; mucinous; endometroid -Benign -Borderline -Malignant Germ cell tumors Sex cord (gonadal stromal) tumors

Epithelial

EOC

Germ cell tumors

Sex cord tumors

Complications  Torsion 10%  Rupture 1%  Infection  Malignancy

Case discussion

Case 1 A 23-year-old female presented to our hospital in April 2013 with months history of increasing facial and truncal hair, acne. The patient had been amenorrheic for 2 years prior to the onset of her virilizing symptoms. In the recent one year, she was treated as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in the local hospital, but the signs and symptoms were deteriorated Physical examination revealed a 56kg, normotensive female with obvious facial hair and atrophy of the breasts. Excessive hair was present on her lower abdomen and thighs. Pelvic examination was notable for an enlarged clitoris and a 5cm right adnexal mass. Abdominal ultrasound identified a 64×52×51mm, solid, left ovarian tumor. Doppler evaluation of intratumoral blood vessels confirmed a low resistance to flow. No ascites or other abnormalities were present. A CT scan of the pelvis confirmed the ultrasound findings and detected no adrenal gland enlargement or tumor. Laboratory analysis revealed normal values of folicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), serum prolactin (PRL) and cortisol. Total serum testosterone was 3.68ng/ml (normal ng/ml),

Clinical thinking What is the most likely diagnosis? What should be your next steps? How would you confirm the diagnosis?

Laparoscopic examination Identified a 6×5×5cm, enlarged right ovary. Oophorocystectomy

After operation……… Pathological diagnosis: ovarian steroid cell tumor T: 1.02

A B

Case 2 A 39-year-old, female, gravida 1, para 1, was admitted to a local hospital, complaining of fatigue, anorexia, and abdominal swelling. Her medical history included nothing special. Physical examination revealed a palpable mass in the lower abdomen. A thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed marked pleural effusion and a heterogeneous mass, large ascites with many nodosity images in the pelvic wall. She was transferred to our hospital for further treatment. The patient’s serum CA 125 level was U/mL, while CEA, AFP, CA 199, and CA 153 levels were within the normal range. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a heterogeneous, multiloculated mass, with a moderate amount of ascites, and subsequent transvaginal ultrasonography revealed a large complex pelvic mass, 16cm largest dimension, of probable adnexal origin. The uterus was normal in size. Abdominal paracentesis yielded 2 liters of yellow serous fluid consistent with an exudative process. Microscopy and cytology revealed only reactive mesothelial cells without malignant cells.

Clinical thinking –What is the most likely diagnosis? –What should be your next steps? –How would you confirm the diagnosis?

Chemotherapy? Laparoscopy ？ Exploratory laparotomy ？

Exploratory laparotomy Two rounds of TP –Ascites fall down –CA125: 820 Operation –Ascites: clear, yellow –The uterus and left ovary was normal –Right ovary: A 20×18×15cm complex, multicystic mass, without evidence of external excrescences

After operation……. CA125: 235 Pathological diagnosis: Struma ovarii

Case 3 From ER: A 32-year-old female presented with a sudden lower right abdominal pain