2014 Soybean Insect Update Photo: Jeremy Greene Dominic Reisig NCSU Entomolgy

Content Insecticidal seed treatments in soybean Soybean portal Online threshold calculators Corn earworm in flowering soybeans Kudzu bug update

Seed Treatments- All contain neonicotinoid-class insecticides Soybean imidacloprid – Gaucho, Trilex 6000, Acceleron – Aeris (+ thiodicarb) thiamethoxam – Cruiser Maxx – Clariva Complete (+ nematicide) clothianidin – NipsIt INSIDE – Poncho/VOTiVO (+ thiodicarb + Bacillis firmus) Cotton imidacloprid – Gaucho, Acceleron I – Aeris (+ thiodicarb) thiamethoxam – Cruiser – Avicta Duo, Acceleron N (+ abamectin) clothianidin – Poncho/VOTiVO (+ thiodicarb + Bacillis firmus)

Insecticide Seed Treatment Adoption in Beans YearMississippiNorth Carolina 20040% % % % % % % %12% %15% %

Neonicotinoid seed treatments, soybeans, and slugs

Mixed ANOVA: Seed treatment, F 1,5 = 26.5, P < 0.01 Costs of neonicotinoid seed treatments Slugs activity density were larger with seed treatments

* P < 0.05, Mixed ANOVA No significant differences for: Ants, wolf spiders, sheet web spiders, harvestmen, or predaceous beetle larvae #/tra p * P = 0.12 * June 12 th * Seed treatment reduced pitfall catches of some predators Costs of neonicotinoid seed treatments

Soybean Seed Treatments As of 2013 in Virginia and North Carolina 15 seed treatment tests Five foliar treatment tests NO YIELD ADVANTAGE It is not worth using an insecticidal seed treatment

soybeans.ces.ncsu.edu

Thresholds now on soybean portal! soybeans.ces.ncsu.edu also linked to nccrops.com Click “Insect Management” Click “Thresholds” Under corn earworm thresholds click “threshold calculator” Also an online stink bug threshold calculator

WHAT ABOUT CORN EARWORM IN FLOWERING BEANS?

HighModerate Low Corn Earworm Pressure Corn Earworm Larvae Eat Flowers Edgecombe County, NC 2012

No Relationship Between Corn Earworm Larvae Number and Yield at Peak Flowering for 2-3x Podding Threshold Levels

Kudzu Bug Update Photo: Jeremy Greene

Discovered in 2009 and spreading RAPIDLY

Megacopta cribraria Distribution 2009 – Confirmed 2010 Confirmed 2011 Confirmed 2012 Confirmed 2013 Confirmed Map compiled by Wayne A. Gardner, University of Georgia Updated 10 November 2013

Selected Reported Host Plants of the Kudzu Bug in Expanded Range Modified from W.A. Gardner and J. Blount, Univ. of Georgia Delayed leaf growth of Amer. wisteria by adult kudzu bugs in spring Legumes Kudzu Soybean Lima Bean Pole/String/Green Bean Lablab Bean American Wisteria Chinese Wisteria Japanese Wisteria American Yellowwood Black Locust Lespedeza Peanut Crimson Clover Clover Alfalfa Sicklepod Fava bean Non-Legumes Alligatorweed Cocklebur Cotton Fig Pine Trees Wheat Loquat Wild Blackberry Satsuma mandarin Black Willow Adult occurrence Vs. Reproductive host plants Presence ≠ feeding or reproduction

Adult Choice Test Results Means with the same letter are not significantly different, α = 0.05

Adult Field Results Means with the same letter are not significantly different, α = 0.05

Nymph Choice Test Results Means with the same letter are not significantly different, α = 0.05

Nymph No Choice Results Means with the same letter are not significantly different, α = 0.05

2013 PD & MG (June, V) UNTREATED TREATED

8 September- Midville, GA

31 October- Wayne Co., NC 2012

Kudzu bug activity in soybeans across all planting date/maturity groups Adult Nymph MayJune July AugustSept.- Oct.

Seasonality 2012

Seasonality 2013

Adult distribution within the canopy No differences on MG

PD & MG 2012 vs – Scotland Co.

Soybean Genotypes Variation across genotypes: MG 5 – 8 Pubescence (color, density, etc) – KY98, KY03 dense pubescens Leaf shape (round, narrow) – N7103, Vance both narrow Stink bug, nematode, other insect resistance – NCC05, N94, Manokin Non-Nodulating - Nitrasoy PI genotypes & Japanese types - Miyako & Kosamame Near isogenic insect resistant – Benning lines Slow wilting – TCPR94, N98, N06, etc. High protein – N6202

Thresholds Seedling/vegetative soybeans – 5 bugs per plant (adults or nymphs) – Stop using threshold for second generation bugs (generally in July) Vegetative to reproductive (R7) soybeans – One nymph per sweep (“swoosh” of the net) Preliminary Established

Scout Before You Treat All Stages – Scout at least 50 feet from field edge If concerned about edge, consider border treatment – Check multiple places in the field – Make treatment decision based on average – Do not rush your decision Migration takes 6-8 weeks for adults to fully enter field Sprays do not kill eggs Consider yield impact of driving over soybeans Yield loss and development of insect relatively slow

Scout Before You Treat Seedling soybeans – “Peel back” foliage and count insects

Scout Before You Treat Vegetative to reproductive beans (July & later) – Use sweep net – At least 15 sweeps per location – Sweep net does not catch as many nymphs as adults but threshold is calibrated for this – Net will catch small nymphs before you can see large ones on plant

Injury resulted from spraying based on visually looking for nymphs. You will spray sooner and avoid this if you sample nymphs with the sweep net.

P. Roberts, J. All (University of Georgia) J. Greene, N. Sieter (Clemson University) D. Reisig, J. Bacheler (North Carolina State University) 16-Jan-13 Kudzu Bug Insecticide Efficacy Summary ( ) 6-14 DAT 2-5 DAT Preserves some beneficials

Important Points to Remember Earliest planted/maturing fields highest risk Scout for nymphs during and after July – Treat at one nymph/sweep (one nymph/“swoosh”) Do not spray after July based on adult numbers – Migration takes place over several weeks and will result in re-sprays Pay attention to insecticide chemistry (Do not use cyfluthrin) Scout for secondary pest flare-ups

More info about kudzu bug Check out the blog and soybean portal: – nccrops.com and soybeans.ces.ncsu.edu Dominic Reisig – – Phone: x133