Smoke Detectors Brief history

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Presentation transcript:

Smoke Detectors Brief history Jr. Lab II, sp’01 Brief history 1930s, Swiss scientist Walter Jaeger tried to invent poison gas detector thinking the particles would interact with an ion gas causing a detectable change in current. The idea failed. Frustrated, he lit a cigarette and voila, smoke detector. [1]

Two Types Photoelectric Ionization Smoke particles encounter light beam Beam scatters to a photocell creating a current Better for larger particles (smoldering) Ionization Particles attach to ionized particles creating a detectable change in current Better for smaller particles (flaming)

Ionization Smoke Meters

Ionization Source Americium-241,243? Emits  particle which ionizes the air molecules Isotope Mass Half-life (years) Mode of decay 241Am 241.05682 432.2  to 237Np 243Am 243.061375 7370  to 239Np [2]

References [1] Bunker, Merton Jr., Scientific American, “Smoke Detectors,” Apr. 1997. www.scientificamerican.com/0497issue/0497working.html [2] www.webelements.com chemistry.about.com/science/chemistry/library/weekly/aa020700a.htm Geoffrey, www.madsci.org/posts/archives/feb98/888079238.Ph.r.html www.britannica.com/search?query=americium