 Traumatic / Acute  occurs instantly as a result of a specific incident Causes:  an outside force which comes into contact with the body with sufficient force to cause soft tissue damage, e.g kick to shin or fall onto shoulder

 A sudden forceful action or uncoordinated movement which causes over-stretching of soft tissues, e.g. straining a calf muscle when pushing off for a tennis shot

 CHRONIC  ACUTE

 ‘Overuse injury’ first defined by Slocum & James (1968) regarding running injuries  Increasingly common; at least 50-60% of all sports injuries, although true incidence is not known  Related to extrinsic factors such as training errors, poorly designed sporting equipment, unsuitable environmental conditions  Also related to intrinsic factors such as anatomical malalignments & muscle imbalance

 Overuse injuries in athletes are generally due to overload of the musculo-skeletal system  Factors implicated in overuse injuries can be classified as extrinsic or intrinsic

 In groups of 3 brainstorm as many INTRINSIC and EXTRINSIC risk factors as you can think of.  Listing what injuries you think may occur as a result of each.

 Fitness / strength  Poor flexibility  Nutrition  Sleep  Previous Injury  Posture defects eg lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis  Weak joints  Training effects: muscle imbalance  Poor endurance  Poor warm up  Overuse  Gender  Age  Growth  Weight  Height  Excessive body fat Internal risk factors refer to factors from within the body

 Coaching / leadership  Communication  Incorrect technique  Environmental factors  Bad weather  Adherence to rules  Governing body guidelines  Foul play  Poor refereeing  Bad lighting  Uneven playing surface  Clothing and footwear  Safety hazards  Safety checks, misuse of equipment,  Faulty equipment  First aid provision  Risk assessments