Pharmaceutical Measurements and Calculations

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Presentation transcript:

Pharmaceutical Measurements and Calculations Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Pharmaceutical Measurements and Calculations 1 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Presentation Topics Systems of Pharmaceutical Measurement Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Presentation Topics Systems of Pharmaceutical Measurement Basic Calculations Used in Pharmacy Practice Advanced Calculations Used in Pharmacy Practice 2 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Learning Objectives Describe four systems of measurement commonly used in pharmacy and convert units from one system to another. Explain the meanings of the prefixes most commonly used in metric measurement. 3 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Learning Objectives Convert from one metric unit to another (e.g., grams to milligrams). Convert Roman numerals to Arabic numerals. Convert time to 24 hour military time. 4 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Learning Objectives Convert temperatures to and from the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales. Round decimals up and down. 5 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Learning Objectives Perform basic operations with proportions, including identifying equivalent ratios and finding an unknown quantity in a proportion. Convert percentages to and from fractions, ratios, and decimals. 6 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Learning Objectives Perform fundamental dosage calculations and conversions. Solve problems involving powder solutions and dilutions. 7 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Learning Objectives Use the alligation method to prepare solutions. Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Learning Objectives Use the alligation method to prepare solutions. Calculate the specific gravity of a liquid. 8 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Systems of Pharmaceutical Measurement Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Systems of Pharmaceutical Measurement The metric system Common measures Numeric systems Time Temperature 9 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition The Metric System Pharmacists and pharmacy techs must make precise measurements daily Most important measurements are Temperature Distance Volume Weight 10 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Terms to Remember metric system Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Terms to Remember metric system a measurement system based on subdivisions and multiples of 10; made up of three basic units: meter, gram, and liter 11 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Terms to Remember gram liter meter Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Terms to Remember meter the metric system’s base unit for measuring length gram the metric system’s base unit for measuring weight liter the metric system’s base unit for measuring volume . 12 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition The Metric System Legal standard of measure for pharmaceutical measurements Developed in France in the 1700s Has several advantages Based on decimal notation Clear correlations among units of measurement Used worldwide 13 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition The Metric System Uses standardized units of Systeme International (SI) Three basic units Meter (distance, little use in pharmacy) Gram (weight, used for solid form meds) Liter (volume, used for liquid meds) Numbers expressed as decimals rather than fractions 14 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition The Metric System An error of a single decimal place is an error of a factor of 10. . 15 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

The Metric System 16 Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

The Metric System 17 Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Common Measures Common measures are approximate. Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Common Measures Common measures are approximate. Three types of common measures are used in the pharmacy: Apothecary Avoirdupois Household Common measures are often converted to metric equivalents. 18 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Common Measures © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 19 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Common Measures For safety reasons, the use of the apothecary system is discouraged. Use the metric system. . 20 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Common Measures 21 Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition . © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Common Measures 22 Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

Pharmacy Practice, Fourth Edition Common Measures Always carefully check and double-check all calculations. 23 © Paradigm Publishing, Inc.

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