October 18, 2010 Obj: Understand water’s unique chemical properties. Warm-Up: Why is water a polar molecule? (Answer this in your notebook.) 1

Essential Question: What are the similarities and differences of living and non-living things? Ch2.2 Properties of water PolarA molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed. 2

Essential Question: What are the similarities and differences of living and non-living things? Ch2.2 Properties of water PolarA molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed Water (H 2 0) is a polar molecule. This is because oxygen has 8 protons and has a stronger attraction for electrons than hydrogen (1 proton).. 3

Essential Question: What are the similarities and differences of living and non-living things? Ch2.2 Properties of water PolarA molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed Water (H 2 0) is a polar molecule. This is because oxygen has 8 protons and has a stronger attraction for electrons than hydrogen (1 proton). * Because of the partial positive and negative charges, polar molecules like water can attract each other.. 4

Essential Question: What are the similarities and differences of living and non-living things? Ch2.2 Properties of water Polar Hydrogen bond A molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed Water (H 2 0) is a polar molecule. This is because oxygen has 8 protons and has a stronger attraction for electrons than hydrogen (1 proton). *Because of the partial positive and negative charges, polar molecules like water can attract each other.. The attraction between a hydrogen atom on one water molecule and the oxygen atom on another. 5

Essential Question: What are the similarities and differences of living and non-living things? Ch2.2 Properties of water Polar Hydrogen bond A molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed Water (H 2 0) is a polar molecule. This is because oxygen has 8 protons and has a stronger attraction for electrons than hydrogen (1 proton). *Because of the partial positive and negative charges, polar molecules like water can attract each other.. The attraction between a hydrogen atom on one water molecule and the oxygen atom on another. ** Because water is polar, it is able to form multiple hydrogen bonds, which account for many of water special properties 6

CohesionAn attraction between molecules of the same substance Water is very cohesive, because a single water molecule may be involved in as many as 4 hydrogen bonds at once. 7

CohesionAn attraction between molecules of the same substance Water is very cohesive, because a single water molecule may be involved in as many as 4 hydrogen bonds at once. 8

Cohesion Surface tension An attraction between molecules of the same substance Water is very cohesive, because a single water molecule may be involved in as many as 4 hydrogen bonds at once. Since molecules on the surface do not have atoms above them, they exhibit stronger forces with their nearest neighbors on the surface. 9

Cohesion Surface tension An attraction between molecules of the same substance Water is very cohesive, because a single water molecule may be involved in as many as 4 hydrogen bonds at once. Since molecules on the surface do not have atoms above them, they exhibit stronger forces with their nearest neighbors on the surface. 10

Cohesion Surface tension Adhesion An attraction between molecules of the same substance Water is very cohesive, because a single water molecule may be involved in as many as 4 hydrogen bonds at once. Since molecules on the surface do not have atoms above them, they exhibit stronger forces with their nearest neighbors on the surface. An attraction between molecules of different substances. 11

Mixture Material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that can be separated by physical means. 12

Mixture 2 types – 1) solution Material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that can be separated by physical means. Mixture where all components are evenly distributed throughout – Ex. Salt water 13

Mixture 2 types – 1) solution Solute Material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that can be separated by physical means Mixture where all components are evenly distributed throughout – Ex. Salt water The substance that is dissolved – Ex. Salt 14

Mixture 2 types – 1) solution Solute Solvent Material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that can be separated by physical means. Mixture where all components are evenly distributed throughout – Ex. Salt water The substance that is dissolved – Ex. Salt Substance in which solute dissolves – Ex. Water 15

Mixture 2 types – 1) solution Solute Solvent – 2) suspension Material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that can be separated by physical means. Mixture where all components are evenly distributed throughout – Ex. Salt water The substance that is dissolved – Ex. Salt Substance in which solute dissolves – Ex. Water Mixtures of water and non dissolved materials – Ex. Blood 16

Mixture 2 types – 1) solution Solute Solvent – 2) suspension pH scale Material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that can be separated by physical means. Mixture where all components are evenly distributed throughout – Ex. Salt water The substance that is dissolved – Ex. Salt Substance in which solute dissolves – Ex. Water Mixtures of water and non dissolved materials – Ex. Blood System of measurement which indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. Ranges from 0-14, lower numbers have more hydrogen ions (acidic), while higher numbers have more hydroxide ions (basic). 17

October 19/20, 2010 Obj: Understand how enzymes relate to body function. Warm-Up: What do enzymes do? (Answer this in your notebook.) 18

Enzyme Notes Activation Energy Catalyst Enzymes Substrate Active Site Lock and Key Theory Energy needed to get a reaction started. A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the cell by lowering activation energy. The things that bind to the substrate that cause the reaction. The place on the protein where the substrate binds Substrates fit into an enzyme’s active site like a lock and a key. 19

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Types of Reactions Endothermic Reactions Exothermic Reactions Energy absorbing. Builds molecules. Energy releasing. Breakdown molecules and release energy. Our peroxidase enzyme that we will be looking at today is this type of reaction. 21

Enzymes lower Activation Energy ;skdjfkjfl 22

October 22, 2010 Obj: 1. Finish enzyme lab write up. 2. Complete Chapter 2 review on p56-57: #1-32 all Warm-Up: Finish your temperature vs displacement rate graph. 23

October 28, 2010 Obj: Build a Word Map Use the key vocabulary terms to create a word map. 1. Get a book! 2. Each person choose a different section from chapter 2. See page Nature of Matter, 2.2Prop. of Water, 2.3Carbon Compounds, 2.4 Chem Rxns 3. Write the vocabulary words from your section. 4. Draw arrows connecting words that are related within your section. 5. Write on the arrows how they are related. 6. Define any words that you aren’t 100% sure of by looking them up in the book and writing the definition on the page. 7. Draw pictures to help define words. 8. After you have all your definitions for your words, start drawing arrows from your words to words in other sections on your same sheet. Make sure each arrow explains how the words are related. 24