Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley CHAPTER Medical Language Second Edition Otolaryngology 16
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Learning Objectives 1.Identify the structures of the ears, nose, and throat (ENT) system. 2.Describe the process of hearing. 3.Describe common ENT diseases and conditions, laboratory and diagnostic procedures, medical and surgical procedures, and drug categories.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Learning Objectives 4.Give the medical meaning of word parts related to the ENT system. 5.Build ENT words from word parts and divide and define ENT words. 6.Spell and pronounce ENT words. 7.Analyze the medical content and meaning of an otolaryngology report.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Learning Objectives 8.Dive deeper into otolaryngology by reviewing the activities at the end of this chapter and online at Medical Terminology Interactive.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Multimedia Directory Slide 40Ear Anatomy Animation Slide 41Virtual Tour of the Ear Animation Slide 42Auditory System Animation Slide 43Structures of the Human Ear Animation Slide 47Deafness Video Slide 52Otitis Media Video Slide 55Allergic Rhinitis Video Slide 73Throat Cultures Video Slide 83Audiologist Video Slide 84Audiology and Helping Children Video Slide 85Audiology and Ethical Issues Video Slide 86Audiology and Professional Organizations Video
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Otolaryngology The medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the ears, nose, mouth, and throat (ENT) and uses diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs to treat ENT diseases.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 16-1 Ears, nose, and throat (ENT) system
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy and Physiology The ears, nose, and throat (ENT) system is contained entirely in the head and neck. The head contains the external and internal structures of the ears, nose, and mouth, and the internal structures of the sinuses. The neck contains the internal structures of the pharynx and larynx.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy and Physiology (con't) The ENT system shares some structures with the gastrointestinal system and the respiratory system, so it serves as a passageway for both food and air. The ENT system also contains lymphoid tissue that functions as part of the immune response. The body’s senses of hearing and smell are also part of the ENT system.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System External Ear –Known as the auricle or pinna –The helix is the outer rim of tissue and cartilage that forms a C and ends at the ear- lobe. –The external auditory meatus is the opening that leads into the external auditory canal (EAC).
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 16-2 External ear
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) External Ear (con't) –The canal has glands that secrete cerumen, a waxy, sticky substance that traps dirt and has an antibiotic action against microorganisms that enter the canal. –At the end of the canal is the tympanic membrane (TM), or eardrum, a thin dividing wall between the external ear and the middle ear.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 16-3 Tympanic membrane Pearson Education/PH College
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) External Ear (con't) –The mastoid process is a bony projection of the temporal bone that lies just behind the external ear and contains tiny cavities filled with air.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Middle Ear –The middle ear is a hollow area inside the temporal bone of the skull. –It contains three tiny bones: the malleus, incus, and stapes, collectively known as the ossicles. –It is connected to the nasopharynx by the eustachian tube.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Middle Ear (con’t) –The eustachian tube allows air pressure in the middle ear to equalize with air pressure in the throat and outside of the body.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 16-4 Structures of the middle ear and inner ear
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Inner Ear –Contains three fluid-filled structures: Vestibule Semicircular canals Cochlea –Together, all the structures are known as the labyrinth
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Vestibule is the entrance area to the inner ear. One end of the vestibule becomes the three semicircular canals. The other end of the vestibule becomes the coiled cochlea.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con’t) External Nose and Mouth –The external nose is supported by the nasal bone, which forms the bridge of the nose and the dorsum. –At the nasal tip, the nasal bone becomes cartilage. –The nares are the external openings, or nostrils; the flared cartilage on each side of the nostril is a nasal ala.
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) External Nose and Mouth (con't) –The lips, cheeks, and chin are supported by the maxilla (upper jawbone) and mandible (lower jawbone). –The nasolabial fold is the crease in the cheek that goes from the nose to the corner of the mouth. –The philtrum is the vertical groove above the upper lip. –The chin is also known as the mentum.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Sinuses –A sinus is a hollow cavity within a bone that is lined with a mucous membrane. –Four pairs of sinuses: frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid. –As a group, these are also known as the paranasal sinuses.
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Nasal Cavity –The nasal cavitiy is formed by the ethmoid bone of the cranium and by the maxilla of the upper jaw. –The nasal septum is a vertical wall of cartilage that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides. –In the posterior nasal cavity, this cartilage becomes the ethmoid bone of the cranium.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 16-7 Structures of the internal nose, mouth, and throat
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Nasal Cavity (con’d) –Along the nasal cavity walls are three long, bony projections − the superior, middle, and inferior turbinates, or nasal conchae. –The turbinates divide and slow down inhaled air and give it warmth and moisture. –The nasal cavity is lined with nasal mucosa, a mucous membrane that continuously produces mucus.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Oral Cavity –Contains the tongue, hard palate, soft palate and uvula, teeth, and salivary glands –Lined with the oral mucosa that is known as buccal mucosa in the cheek area
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Oral Cavity (con’t) –The hard palate or roof of the mouth divides the oral cavity from the nasal cavity and is made up of 3 different cranial bones: the maxilla at the front of the mouth, the palatine bone, and the vomer bone at the back of the mouth. –Submental lymph nodes in the tissue under the chin contain lymphocytes and macrophages that attack bacteria and viruses.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Pharynx –Divided into three areas: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx. –The eustachian tubes open into the nasopharynx. –The roof and walls of the nasopharynx contain the pharyngeal tonsil, a collection of lymphoid tissue commonly known as the adenoids.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Pharynx (con't) –The nasopharynx becomes the oropharynx or middle portion of the throat, which contains the palatine tonsils. –The laryngopharynx contains the lingual tonsils on either side of the base of the tongue.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Pharynx (con't) –The tonsils and adenoids are part of the lymphatic system, and they function in the immune response; they contain lymphocytes and macrophages that attack bacteria and viruses in the tissues around the oral cavity.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 16-8 Pharynx
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Larynx –Pharynx divides into two parts: the larynx leads to the trachea and the esophagus leads to the stomach. –The larynx, or voice box, is a short, triangular structure. –Is surrounded by two thick rings of cartilage that can be clearly seen at the front of the neck as the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Larynx (con't) –At the superior end of the larynx is the epiglottis; in the middle of the larynx are the glottis, ligaments, and the vocal cords. –When you swallow, the larynx moves superiorly and closes against the epiglottis to keep food from entering the lungs. –Remains open during breathing, speaking, or singing to allow air to pass over the vocal cords.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Anatomy of the ENT System (con't) Larynx (con't) –Muscles in the larynx relax or tighten the vocal cords to lower or raise the pitch. –Men have long vocal cords that produce a lower-pitched voice than women. –The volume of air from the lungs affects how loud or soft the voice is.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Physiology of the Sense of Hearing The external ear captures sound waves. The tympanic membranes move the malleus, the incus, and then the stapes. The stapes transmits this mechanical motion to the oval window, which causes inner ear fluid on the other side of the oval window to move.
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Physiology of the Sense of Hearing (con't) The vibration is transmitted to the cochlea. Tiny hair cells detect the loudness and pitch of the sound and send this sensory information as nerve impulses through the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve to the medulla oblongata in the brainstem. From there, the impulses are relayed to the auditory cortex in the brain.
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Ear Anatomy Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the topic of ear anatomy. Back to Directory
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Virtual Tour of the Ear Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the topic of ear anatomy. Back to Directory
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Auditory System Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the topic of ear anatomy. Back to Directory
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions Ears –Acoustic neuroma –Cerumen impaction
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (con't) Ears (con't) –Otorrhea –Otosclerosis –Ruptured tympanic membrane –Tinnitus –Vertigo
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (con't) Sinuses, Nose, and Nasal Cavity –Allergic rhinitis –Anosmia –Epistaxis
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (con't) Sinuses, Nose, and Nasal Cavity (con't) –Polyp –Rhinophyma –Septal deviation
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (con't) Mouth, Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Neck –Cancer of the mouth and neck –Cervical lymphadenopathy –Cleft lip and palate
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure Cleft lip and palate Courtesy of Dr. Elizabeth Peterson
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (con't) Mouth, Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Neck (con't) –Cold sores –Glossitis –Leukoplakia
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (con't) Mouth, Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Neck (con't) –Pharyngitis –Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome –Thrush –Tonsillitis
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (con't) Larynx –Laryngitis –Vocal cord or polyp
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures Hearing Tests –Audiometry –Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) –Rinne and Weber hearing tests –Tympanometry
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures (con't) Laboratory and Radiologic Tests –Culture and sensitivity (C&S) –Rapid strep test –RAST –Sinus series
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Medical and Surgical Procedures Medical Procedures –Nose, sinus, mouth, and throat examinations –Otoscopy –Romberg’s sign
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Medical and Surgical Procedures (con't) Surgical Procedures –Cheiloplasty –Cochlear implant –Endoscopic sinus surgery –Mastoidectomy –Myringotomy
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Medical and Surgical Procedures (con't) Surgical Procedures (con't) –Otoplasty –Polypectomy –Radical neck dissection –Rhinoplasty
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Medical and Surgical Procedures (con't) Surgical Procedures (con't) –Septoplasty –Stapedectomy –Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) –Tympanoplasty
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Drug Categories These categories of drugs are used to treat ENT diseases and conditions: –Antibiotic drugs –Antihistamine drugs –Antitussive drugs –Antiyeast drugs –Corticosteroid drugs
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Drug Categories (con't) These categories of drugs are used to treat ENT diseases and conditions: –Decongestant drugs –Drugs used to treat vertigo and motion sickness
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Abbreviations
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Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Audiology and Professional Organizations Video Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of professional organizations and audiologists. Back to Directory