Unit #8 Quiz #4: Grade: «12th» Subject: Aquatic Science Date: «03/21/2013»

1When considering respiration, a stingray uses spiracles and _____________ the breathe. A Ram ventilation B Nictitating membrane C Two-pump ventilation D Ampullae of lorenzini

2All of the following are types of chondrichthyes, EXCEPT: A Holocephali B Chimera C Porifera D Squaloid

3All of the following are generated by the same types of cells that create placoid scales, EXCEPT: A Dorsal spine on a dogfish B Spiracles C Defensive spines on a skate D Teeth

4A shark's hyostylic jaw: A Allows sharks to displace so much water when it opens its mouth that is sucks prey towards it B Allows for ample room for newly generated teeth to protrude into the mouth & function as barbs to catch prey C Allows sharks to vary the position of their jaw/teeth depending on its prey D Allows larger sharks to slowly exsanguinate small prey

5All of the following are true about squaloid sharks, EXCEPT: A They have relatively small brains B They are dominant carnivores C They mostly live in cold, deep waters D Examples are dogfish, megamouth, and cookie-cutter sharks

6The tiger shark has which type of caudal fin: A homocercal B heterocercal C dorsal prominent D ventral prominent

7Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Chimeras A They are pelagic hunters B They have 6 teeth that are permanent and used for grinding shelled inverts C They have only a single gill slit D They have fewer organs than a shark or a ray.

8All of the following are TRUE when considering skates, EXCEPT: A Skates have an elongated nose, where are rays are usually round at their most anterior. B Skates have poisonous barbs that cover their dorsal side C Skates are general smaller than rays D Skates generally are oviparous

9Sharks, such as great white sharks, will compete with each other in the womb, with the most dominant pup killing and consuming its brothers and sisters. This type of gestation is called: A Oviparity B Ovoviviparity C Cannibalistic viviparity D Placental viviparity

10The amplified lateral line on a shark is able to detect changes in water movement up to ___________ away A 1 meter B 10 meters away C 50 meters away D 100 meters away

11The bluefin tuna has which type of caudal fin: A homocercal B heterocercal C dorsal prominent D ventral prominent

12Chondrichthyes use which of the following to help with bouyancy. A oil-filled liver B gas bladder C swim bladder D blubber

13Which of the following does NOT shed many teeth in its lifetime A Tiger Shark B Manta Ray C Chimera D Great White Shark

14All of the following are true when considering shark teeth, EXCEPT: A The rows of teeth are even and symmetrical B The teeth are generated by the same type of cells that generate the placoid scales C The teeth of sharks are constantly replaced throughout its entire lifetime D The shape of the sharks teeth is determined by what that species of shark has developed to eat

15The majority of chondrichthyes reproduce through A oviparity B viviparity C cannibalistic vivipary D placental vivipary

16Which of the following is an analogous structure when considering the oil- filled liver of a chondrichthyes: A the lateral line in ray-finned fish B the thick pectoral fins of lobe-finned fish C the swim/gas bladder of ray-finned fish D the poisonous spinous dorsal fin of a ray-finned fish

17Ampullae of Lorenzini detects A chemicals B electric fields C pressure D temperature changes

18Which of the following forms of gestation does NOT involve an egg: A Uterine vivipary B Oviparity C Yolk-sac vivipary D Both B & C

19The chondrichthyan in the picture most likely eats: A large mammal B small fish C plankton D shellfish

20Many sharks must constantly move so that they can continually wash oxygenated water over their gills. These sharks have which of the following respiratory systems: A Two Pump B Ram Ventilation C Spiracles D Lobed Lungs

21Cetaceans (dolphins/whales) look a lot like chondrichthyes, these similar structures are A homologous B evolutionary C analogous D caudal fins

22Both subclasses of chondrichthyes had their radiation event: A Cambrian B Devonian C Cretaceous D Tertiary

23All of the following are true about chondrichthyes and buoyancy, EXCEPT: A Many sharks have heterocercal caudal fins, which pushes them upwards in the water with each tail stroke. B The cycloid scales on a shark create significant drag so that the fast moving shark doesn’t lose control during bursts of speed. C Many chondrichthyes has an oil-filled liver that significantly reduces their weight in the water. D All chondrichthyes have a cartilaginous skeleton, which is less dense than bone.

24True or False: The class chondrichthyes includes the largest animals to ever exist on the planet. True False

25Chondrichthyes have ______________ scales. A Placoid B Ganoid C cycloid D ctenoid

26Which of the following is NOT associated with the visual system of chondrichthyes: A The visual systems are well developed for hunting at night B The tapetum lucidum amplifies limited light by reflecting the incoming light throughout the eye C The nictitating membrane functions as a transparent 3rd eye lid for additional protection & clearing debris D The Ampullae of Lorenzini assists in the detection of light particles during times of limited light & cloudy water

27Shark teeth that are broad & serrated are found in sharks that hunt: A large mammals B small fish C plankton D shellfish

28Why are sharks and dolphins considered analogous: A Both groups of organisms move their caudal fins/tails in the same up & down direction to move them forward. B Both groups of organisms have a fusiform body, but do not have the same ancestors C Both groups of organisms have prominent dorsal fins because of their close ancestry. D Both groups of organisms have rows of teeth because of their close ancestry.

29Sharks have a very streamline shape that is called: A Coelomate B Psuedocoelomate C Pentameric D Fusiform

30All of the following are TRUE when considering rays, EXCEPT: A Rays are poisonous B The tail of a ray is very thin and flexible when compared to that of a skate C Rays are predominantly oviparous D Some rays can be as large as 25 feet across and weight 3,000 pounds

31According to the IUCN Red List, Manta Rays are considered ________. A Extinct B Extinct in the wild C Least Concern D Vulnerable

32A ghost shark is a: A Shark B Ray C Skate D Chimera

33Tiger sharks are known for eating: A Baleen whales B Humans C Penguins and flighted birds D Anything and everything

34The giant stingray was discovered in: A 1776 B 1952 C 2004 D 2011

35Great white sharks use ________ for respiration. A Ram ventilation B Two-pump ventilation C Spircales D Spiracles and two- pump ventilation