Figure 4.1 (p. 163) Electric and magnetic field lines for an arbitrary two-conductor TEM line. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.2 (p. 163) Electric field lines for the TE10 mode of a rectangular waveguide. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.3 (p. 167) Geometry of a partially filled waveguide and its transmission line equivalent for Example 4.2. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.4 (p. 168) An arbitrary one-port network. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.5 (p. 169) An arbitrary N-port microwave network. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.6 (p. 173) A two-port T-network. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.7 (p. 175) A photograph of the Hewlett-Packard HP8510B Network Analyzer. This test instrument is used to measure the scattering parameters (magnitude and phase) of a one- or two-port microwave network from 0.05 GHz to 26.5 GHz. Built-in microprocessors provide error correction, a high degree of accuracy, and a wide choice of display formats. This analyzer can also perform a fast Fourier transform of the frequency domain data to provide a time domain response of the network under test. Courtesy of Agilent Technologies. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.8 (p. 176) A matched 3B attenuator with a 50 Ω Characteristic impedance (Example 4.4). Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.9 (p. 181) Shifting reference planes for an N-port network. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.10 (p. 181) An N-port network with different characteristic impedances. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure on page 183 Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.11 (p. 184) (a) A two-port network; (b) a cascade connection of two-port networks. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.12 (p. 188) A coax-to-microstrip transition and equivalent circuit representations. (a) Geometry of the transition. (b) Representation of the transition by a “black box.” (c) A possible equivalent circuit for the transition [6]. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.13 (p. 188) Equivalent circuits for a reciprocal two-port network. (a) T equivalent. (b) π equivalent. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.14 (p. 189) The signal flow graph representation of a two-port network. (a) Definition of incident and reflected waves. (b) Signal flow graph. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.15 (p. 190) The signal flow graph representations of a one-port network and a source. (a) A one-port network and its flow graph. (b) A source and its flow graph. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4. 16 (p. 191) Decomposition rules. (a) Series rule Figure 4.16 (p. 191) Decomposition rules. (a) Series rule. (b) Parallel rule. (c) Self-loop rule. (d) Splitting rule. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.17 (p. 192) A terminated two-port network. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.18 (p. 192) Signal flow path for the two-port network with general source and load impedances of Figure 4.17. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4. 19 (p. 192) Decompositions of the flow graph of Figure 4 Figure 4.19 (p. 192) Decompositions of the flow graph of Figure 4.18 to find Γin = b1/a1 and Γout = b2/a2. (a) Using Rule 4 on node a2. (b) Using Rule 3 for the self-loop at node b2. (c) Using Rule 4 on node b1. (d) Using Rule 3 for the self-loop at node a1. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.20 (p. 193) Block diagram of a network analyzer measurement of a two-port device. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.21a (p. 194) Block diagram and signal flow graph for the Thru connection. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.21b (p. 194) Block diagram and signal flow graph for the Reflect connection. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.21c (p. 194) Block diagram and signal flow graph for the Line connection. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.22 (p. 198) Rectangular waveguide discontinuities. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4. 23 (p. 199) Some common microstrip discontinuities Figure 4.23 (p. 199) Some common microstrip discontinuities. (a) Open-ended microstrip. (b) Gap in microstrip. (c) Change in width. (d) T-junction. (e) Coax-to-microstrip junction. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.24 (p. 200) Geometry of an H-plane step (change in width) in rectangular waveguide. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.25 (p. 203) Equivalent inductance of an H-plane asymmetric step. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure on page 204 Reference: T. C Figure on page 204 Reference: T.C. Edwards, Foundations for Microwave Circuit Design, Wiley, 1981. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.26 (p. 205) An infinitely long rectangular waveguide with surface current densities at z = 0. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.27 (p. 206) An arbitrary electric or magnetic current source in an infinitely long waveguide. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.28 (p. 208) A uniform current probe in a rectangular waveguide. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.29 (p. 210) Various waveguide and other transmission line configurations using aperture coupling. (a) Coupling between two waveguides wit an aperture in the common broad wall. (b) Coupling to a waveguide cavity via an aperture in a transverse wall. (c) Coupling between two microstrip lines via an aperture in the common ground plane. (d) Coupling from a waveguide to a stripline via an aperture. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.30 (p. 210) Illustrating the development of equivalent electric and magnetic polarization currents at an aperture in a conducting wall (a) Normal electric field at a conducting wall. (b) Electric field lines around an aperture in a conducting wall. (c) Electric field lines around electric polarization currents normal to a conducting wall. (d) Magnetic field lines near a conducting wall. (e) Magnetic field lines near an aperture in a conducting wall. (f) Magnetic field lines near magnetic polarization currents parallel to a conducting wall. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.31 (p. 213) Applying small-hole coupling theory and image theory to the problem of an aperture in the transverse wall of a waveguide. (a) Geometry of a circular aperture in the transverse wall of a waveguide. (b) Fields with aperture closed. (c) Fields with aperture open. (d) Fields with aperture closed and replaced with equivalent dipoles. (e) Fields radiated by equivalent dipoles for x < 0; wall removed by image theory. (f) Fields radiated by equivalent dipoles for z > 0; all removed by image theory. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.32 (p. 214) Equivalent circuit of the aperture in a transverse waveguide wall. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons

Figure 4.33 (p. 214) Two parallel waveguides coupled through an aperture in a common broad wall. Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons