Understanding Principles of Fluid Power Transmission

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Presentation transcript:

Understanding Principles of Fluid Power Transmission

Objectives Define “hydraulics.” Describe the advantages and disadvantages of hydraulics as a method of power transmission. Describe basic hydraulic system components and functions. Explain Pascal’s Law and its relation to hydraulics. Describe the relationship between force, pressure and area in a hydraulic system. Explain how Conservation of Energy applies to a hydraulic system. Calculate the “cycle time” for a hydraulic application. Determine the mechanical and fluid horsepower output of a hydraulic system.

Hydraulics Science and technology dealing with the mechanical properties and practical applications of liquids in motion. Hydrodynamics – Use fluid at high flow, low pressure. Hydrostatics – Use fluids at high pressure, low flow.

Advantages and Disadvantages Increased design flexibility. Infinitely variable speed. Reduced component wear. Easy reversibility. Multiplication of force. Disadvantages: Use of fluids at high pressure: Safety hazards Need for cleanliness Expense

Hydraulic System Components

Basic Hydraulic System Operation Pump Pressure Relief Valve Cylinder Directional Control Valve Reservoir

Pascal’s Law Pressure applied to a confined fluid is: 10-lb Pressure applied to a confined fluid is: transmitted undiminished in all directions, acts with equal force on equal areas, and acts at a right angle to the walls of the container. 1 in2 10 psi Area = 10 in2 Force = 100-lbs.

F,P, A Relationships F (lbs.) A (in2) P (psi)

Force, Pressure, Area Relationships in a Hydraulic System 100-lbs 1000-lbs 10-in2. 100 in2 10 psi Determine force (lbs.) and pressure (psi) in this system.

Cycle Time Fluid from pump Fluid to reservoir Fluid to reservoir Fluid from pump Total time required for hydraulic cylinder to complete one cycle. Extend Retract Depends on volume (cylinder size) and flow (pump GPM).

Fluid Horsepower Fhp = P x Q Where, 1714 P = Pressure (psi) Q = Flow rate (gpm) 1714 = a constant 1714 A tractor has a hydraulic system with a maximum working pressure of 2500 psi and a flow rate of 11.5 gpm. What is the maximum fluid horsepower output?

Mechanical vs. Fluid Power Mechanical HP Force (lbs) Distance (ft.) Time (min.) Horsepower = F x D t (min) x 33,000 Fluid HP Pressure (psi) Flow (GPM) Horsepower = Pressure x Flow 1714

Mechanical vs. Fluid HP Example Determine the Fluid HP and the Mechanical HP in the situation described: 4.0-in. diameter ram 24-in stroke 50,000 lb load 10-gpm pump