Motion and Speed. Motion Definition: When an object changes its position relative to a reference point Distance – How far an object has moved. Displacement.

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Presentation transcript:

Motion and Speed

Motion Definition: When an object changes its position relative to a reference point Distance – How far an object has moved. Displacement – Distance and direction of an object’s change of position from a starting point.

Speed Definition: Distance an object moves in a certain period of time. Rate – Any change over time. Formula for calculating Average Speed: Total Distance (km) Total Time (hr or sec or min)

Vectors Definition: A quantity that has both a magnitude (an amount) and a direction. Two examples –Velocity (v) –Acceleration (a)

Velocity Definition: Speed and direction of an object’s motion. Acceleration Definition: Change in velocity’s rate Formula: Change in Velocity Time

Acceleration Acceleration = Change in velocity / time Change in velocity (v) = Final Velocity – Initial Velocity SI unit (derived) = m / s 2 Two types: - Positive: positive slope - Negative: negative slope

Determining Acceleration from a Graph

Force Definition: A push or pull that one body applies to another. A force can cause an object’s motion to change When two forces combine, they create a net force. Balanced force are equal in size and opposite in direction. Unbalanced force are unequal and/or not in the same direction.

Inertia and Mass Inertia – an object’s resistance to any change in motion Inertia – an object’s tendency to stay at rest or in motion Object with greater mass have greater inertia

Newton’s First Law of Motion AKA, Principle of Inertia Two conditions: –an object moving at a constant velocity keeps moving at that velocity unless a net force acts on it –an object at rest will stay at rest unless a net force acts on it.

Examples of inertia A passenger not wearing a seat belt keeps moving forward at the car’s speed after the car stops. Harder for a semi to stop than a car. Astronaut space walk.