More about Reports: part 2 Aisha AlArfaj 1

Introduction A report is a summary view of database data that users can view on a screen display or print on paper. Reports retrieve database data using SQL queries, perform mathematical or summary calculations on the data, and format the output to create documents such as tabular reports, invoices, or form letters. 2

Report Views The purpose of this section is to take a closer look at the three different views and how they can be used to help with report creation. The three views are  paper design  Data Model  Layout Model 3

Paper design The paper design view should be most familiar to you. It is used to preview how the final report will look, and it contains tools to help you manipulate the look of the report using real data. Although the paper design does a good job of showing what the finished report will look like. The paper design, shown in Figure 9.15, contains a grid and tools useful to creating and modifying the layout. 4

FIGURE 9.15 The finished Matrix with Group report. 5

Report Views You have already had experience moving and resizing data and fields in paper design mode. You can also change the colour of text.  Select the field heading Sales Representative.  Then click on the lowest colour palette in the vertical tool palette on the left.  This allows you to change the text colour and make the field heading to stand out from the actual data. You can also use the tool palette on the left to add graphical elements to your report. 6

FIGURE 9.17 The tool palette with short descriptions of each tool. 7

As you look through the various views, you will notice that the vertical tool palette on the left adjusts to the environment. Even though a tool will be available in one view, it will not be available in another. Therefore, it is important to pay close attention to the view you are using and what it is capable of doing. 8

Data Model The Data Model  view is the least-used report view for simple reports like the ones used as examples.  is a work area to define the data used in your report.  The view really becomes useful when you’re trying to understand how a bunch of tables and columns have been combined to create a report. Figure 9.18 shows an example of a Matrix with Group report in the Data Model view. 9

FIGURE 9.18 The Data Model view of the Matrix with Group report. 10

Report Views: Data Model Notice how both the toolbar and the tool palette have adjusted for the environment. Most of the buttons on the toolbar should be familiar to you. As Figure 9.18 points out, however, the Data Wizard tool has been added. Most of the screens in the Data Wizard tool are derived from the Report Wizard and should look very familiar. You can use the Data Wizard to help create queries for your report. 11

Report Views: Data Model The tool palette, as shown in Figure 9.19, should look completely different from any other in Report Builder. FIGURE 9.19 The tool palette with short descriptions for the Data Model view. select Placeholder Column Ref cursor query JDBC query OLAP query Summary column Formula column magnify SQL query Data link Cross product XML query Text query Express server query 12

Report Views: Data Model Select—This is the default tool. Use it to select various objects on the report. You can then move, resize, or delete the object. Magnify—Similar to the Zoom In and Zoom Out buttons on the toolbar, except that you can specify the center of the zoom area. To zoom out, hold the Shift key and click on the canvas. SQL Query—Invokes the screen from the Report Wizard that is used to enter a query for the report. Multiple queries can be used in the same report. Ref Cursor Query—Invokes the Procedure Builder with the stubs to build a ref cursor query. 13

Data Link—Enables you to create relationships between two queries. The relationship can take the form of a query to query, group to group, or column to column link. Summary Column—Creates a summary column in the Data Model view. Formula Column—Creates a formula column in the Data Model view. Placeholder Column—Creates a placeholder column in the Data Model view. Cross Product—Enables you to create a cross product (one of each combination) of two groups. 14

Report Views: Data Model When creating a report without using the Report Wizard, you would first go into the Data Model view and define the query and information to be used. 15

Report Views: Layout Model The Layout Model view has been used in some of the previous examples to adjust the layout of a report. A report is made up of three parts:  the header  the main  the trailer. The Layout Model view allows you to edit all three parts, as well as modify margins. 16

Report Views: Layout Model You have been exposed to editing the body of a report using only the Layout Model view. Figure 9.20 shows the Layout Model view. Notice the buttons that appear on the toolbar that are not present in the paper design view. 17

FIGURE 9.20 The Layout Model view. 18

Report Views: Layout Model Header—Edits the header section of the report. Main—Edits the main or body section of the report. This is the default setting. Trailer—Edits the trailer section of the report. Edit Margins—Allows you to change the margins for the report. Using the File, Page Setup menu choice will adjust the margins for the printed page, but might truncate the report. 19

Report Views: Layout Model Some additions to the tool palette don’t appear in the Live Previewer view. They include the following: Frame Select—Allows you to select a frame or repeating frame along with all the objects inside. Rotate—Rotates a selected object. This is especially useful if you want the text to be vertical rather than horizontal. There are several restrictions on rotated text, but the most important is that it is not supported on all operating systems nor all report objects. If you are having trouble rotating text, use the online help to see whether it is valid for a given object. Reshape—Reshapes a selected object. This is mostly used with drawn objects such as lines, rectangles, arcs, and polygons. Polygon—Places a polygon on the boilerplate of the report. Remember to double-click the final point to end the polygon. 20

Report Views: Layout Model Frame—Places a frame in the report. Most often used when creating a report without the help of the Report Wizard. Repeating Frame—Places a repeating frame in the report. Most often used when creating a report without the help of the Report Wizard. Chart—Places a chart object in the report. Anchor—Enables you to anchor two objects together. Polyline—Places a polyline on the report. Remember to double-click the final point to end the polyline. Freehand—Places a freehand-drawn object on the boilerplate of the form. 21

Report Views: Layout Model The primary use of the Layout Model view is to  fine-tune the layout of your reports.  to create additional templates. Even though Report Builder ships with several report templates, you will likely create additional templates specifically designed for your needs. 22

Creating and Modifying Report Templates The report templates included with Oracle Reports do a good job of showing you what is possible with Report Builder, but they will need to be modified to be useful for you and your company. The templates using the Oracle buildings on the report show that complex graphics can be added to reports. However, the graphic will need to be changed to incorporate your company logo or desired graphic. 23

Report parameters A report parameter specifies how a report appears, or specifies the report's behavior when it runs. Reports have two types of parameters: ▫system parameters ▫user parameters. System parameters specify properties that control how the report appears in the user display and how the report application environment behaves. A table of system report parameters is in slide 26. User parameters allow the user to select values that specify the data that the report displays. 24

Examples of system parameters include the currency symbol that appears, and whether the print dialog box opens when the user prints the report. A user parameter in the Class List report would allow the user to select a specific term ID value from a list, and the report would then display class lists for that term only. Report parameters 25

Report system parameter Parameter Namespecifies BackgroundWhether the report should run in the foreground or the background of the current application CopiesThe number of report copies that are made when the report is printed CurrencyThe symbol for the currency indicator such as “$”or “£” DecimalThe symbol for the decimal indicator, such as “.” DesformatThe output device format, which indicates whether to create PDF or HTML output when sending a report to a file DesnameThe name of the output device, such as the filename, printer name, or , or printer. DestypeThe type of device to which to send the report output, such as screen, , or printer ModeWhether the report should run in character or bitmap mode OrientationThe report print direction (landscape or portrait) PrintjopWhether the Print Job dialog box should appear before the report runs ThousandsThe symbol for the thousands indicator, such as “,” 26

Parameter Forms The reports used as examples in this book return a relatively small amount of data. In a production environment, this will rarely be the case. For example, sometimes you might want to see a list of employees only in the accounting department. Up to this point, you would have had to create a report that shows all the employees and sorts them by department. Now, I’ll show you how parameter forms can be used to restrict the report query to provide only a subset of rows. 27

At the beginning of the chapter, you created a report to show all the employees in the database. The report was called groupmatrix. You will modify that report now to show employees for only a given department. Parameter Forms Con. 28

Start by opening the report that shows all the employees in the database table. If you did not save the report, re-create it now using the Report Wizard. By now, you should be pretty good at using the Report Builder and it should not take too long to create a simple report. Parameter Forms Con. 29

Next, define a user parameter to serve as a placeholder for the department in which the report will be run. To do this, expand the Data Model branch in the Object Navigator, click on User Parameters, and then click on Create in the vertical toolbar. The object should have a name like P_1. Change the object’s name t P_Department. Parameter Forms Con. 30

Now select the Tools, Parameter Form Builder menu option and you should see a dialog similar to Figure Scroll down to the last parameter and you will see P_Department. Change the label to Department, and click on the P_Department parameter name so that it is highlighted. Then click OK. 31

As you scrolled through the Parameter Form Builder’s parameters, you probably noticed all the different system parameters that could be added to a parameter form. Normally, you will not need to add them to the form, but if you are not happy with the defaults, you can have them specified at runtime. 32

FIGURE 9.25 The Parameter Form Builder used to build a parameter form used by reports. 33

The Report Editor Parameter Form should now be displayed. You can modify any of the default labels to make them more explicit if you want. Select the PF_P_Department field from the form and open the Property Palette. To make the form more usable, take advantage of the List of Values property found at the bottom. Double-click the property value and you can specify a list of values. Use the following SELECT statement for this example: 34

Also be sure to click the Hide First Column option. Remember how the list of values works: The first column corresponds to the value stored in the database, and the second column refers to what is displayed. 35

The final step for the parameter form is to specify the limiting criteria in the report query. Open the Report Wizard and click on the Data tab. Modify the code in the WHERE clause so that it reads 36

Then click Finish and the report will be run. The parameter form should look similar to Figure Choose the department for which you would like to run the report, and click the Run Report button. Now, only those employees in the specified department are displayed in the report. 37

FIGURE 9.26 The completed parameter form used to limit the rows returned by the employee report. 38

Summary You should now be very comfortable using Report Builder. This chapter showed you how to create a report using each of the eight different report styles. Each of the three different report views was explained. You were shown how to modify and create templates. Finally, you were also shown how to create a parameter form and integrate it into your report. 39