Chumbler - Properties of Matter1 States of Matter Chemistry The Four States of Matter

What is matter?  Any substance that has mass and takes up space.  Brian Pop Video  hill.com/sites/dl/free/ /164155/ html hill.com/sites/dl/free/ /164155/ html Chumbler - Properties of Matter2

3 States of Matter The Four States of Matter Four States  Solid  Liquid  Gas  Plasma

Chumbler - Properties of Matter4 States of Matter The Four States of Matter Basis of Classification of the Four Types  particle arrangement  energy of particles  distance between particles

Chumbler - Properties of Matter5 States of Matter Solids  Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.  Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.  Particles move slowly.

Chumbler - Properties of Matter6 States of Matter Solids Particle Movement Examples

Chumbler - Properties of Matter7 States of Matter Liquids  Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.  Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Take shape of container. Ex. Juice in glass  Particles move more quickly.

Chumbler - Properties of Matter8 States of Matter Liquids Particle Movement Examples

Chumbler - Properties of Matter9 States of Matter Gases PParticles of gases are very far apart and move freely. GGases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. PParticles move very fast.

10 Gases Particle Movement Examples States of Matter

Chumbler - Properties of Matter11 States of Matter Plasma  A plasma is an ionized gas.  A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.  Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.  Give off energy.

Chumbler - Properties of Matter12 States of Matter Plasma Particles The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue ).

Chumbler - Properties of Matter13 States of Matter Plasma Examples

Chumbler - Properties of Matter14 States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids  Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume because the particles are locked into place  Solids are not easily compressible because there is little free space between particles  Solids do not flow easily because the particles cannot move/slide past one another

Chumbler - Properties of Matter15 States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids  Liquids have an indefinite shape because the particles can slide past one another.  Liquids are not easily compressible and have a definite volume because there is little free space between particles.  Liquids flow easily because the particles can move/slide past one another.

Chumbler - Properties of Matter16 Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases GGases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles can move past one another. GGases are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles. GGases flow very easily because the particles randomly move past one another. States of Matter

Chumbler - Properties of Matter17 States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Plasmas  Plasmas have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles can move past one another.  Plasmas are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles.  Plasmas are good conductors of electricity and are affected by magnetic fields because they are composed of ions (negatively charged electrons and positively charged nuclei).

Chumbler - Properties of Matter18 States of Matter The Four States of Matter The Classification and Properties of Matter Depend Upon Microscopic Structure  Particle arrangement  Particle energy  Particle to particle distance

 States of Matter Video  Chumbler - Properties of Matter19

Phase Changes  When one phase changes to another.  Particles must change their kinetic energy, how fast they are moving.  You can do this by adding or taking away heat. Chumbler - Properties of Matter20

Phase Changes  solidliquid = melting  liquidsolid = freezing  liquidgas = evaporation  gasliquid = condensation  solid gas = sublimation Chumbler - Properties of Matter21

Kinetic Theory of Matter  The atoms and molecules that make up matter are in constant motion, and that motion changes as the temperature changes. Chumbler - Properties of Matter22

Temperature  During a phase change the temperature of a substance stays the same. Chumbler - Properties of Matter23

Physical Properties of Matter  Any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance. Chumbler - Properties of Matter24

Examples of Physical Properties  Viscosity-resistance to flow  Conductivity-ability to allow heat to flow  Malleability-ability of solid to be hammared without shattering  Hardness-scratch test  Melting and boiling points-temp. from solid to liquid  Density-ratio of mass to volume Chumbler - Properties of Matter25

 Video showing difference between physical and chemical properties.  Chumbler - Properties of Matter26

Separate Mixtures  Filtration-process that separates materials based on the size of particles  Distillation-process that separates the substances in a solution based on boiling points. Chumbler - Properties of Matter27

Chemical Changes  When substances react with each other and form one or more new substances. –Tree leaves change color –Wood burning –Baking a cake Chumbler - Properties of Matter28

Chemical Properties  Flammability-ability to burn in presence of oxygen  Reactivity-how readily a substance combines with other substances. Chumbler - Properties of Matter29

Evidence of Chemical Change  Change in color  Production of gas  Formation of a precipitate-any solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture. –Cottage cheese Chumbler - Properties of Matter30