S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL UNITY AND DIVERSITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA NEH INSTITUTE EAST-WEST CENTER Honolulu, Hawaii June 20-July 22, 2011

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College SOUTHEAST ASIA: THE AFRICAN DIASPORA OUT OF AFRICA Into Into SOUTHEAST ASIA SOUTHEAST ASIA Overview of The African Diaspora Southeast Asia: Geography and History A. Indonesia A. Indonesia B. Burma B. Burma

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College WELCOME TO SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA! HAVE YOU EVER THOUGHT ABOUT BLACKS IN INDONESIA? WHAT ABOUT IN BURMA OR MALAYSIA? HAVE YOU EVER THOUGHT ABOUT BLACKS IN INDONESIA? WHAT ABOUT IN BURMA OR MALAYSIA? HAVE YOU EVER HEARD OF NETHERLAND SOLDIERS, CALLED THE “BLACK DUTCHMEN”? HAVE YOU EVER HEARD OF NETHERLAND SOLDIERS, CALLED THE “BLACK DUTCHMEN”? DID YOU EVER CONSIDER THAT AS A YOUNG BLACK COLLEGE STUDENT YOU ARE AN AGENT OF KNOWLEDGE? DID YOU EVER CONSIDER THAT AS A YOUNG BLACK COLLEGE STUDENT YOU ARE AN AGENT OF KNOWLEDGE? AND THAT WITH KNOWLEDGE YOU CAN MAKE REAL CHANGE IN THE WORLD. AND THAT WITH KNOWLEDGE YOU CAN MAKE REAL CHANGE IN THE WORLD.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

Curriculum Unit This unit seeks to provide students with a formal introduction to their own background and culture; This unit seeks to provide students with a formal introduction to their own background and culture; the connection of that background and culture to those of other communities of African Diaspora, particularly, Southeast Asia; the connection of that background and culture to those of other communities of African Diaspora, particularly, Southeast Asia; the relationship between this comprehensive experience and developments in the larger world; the relationship between this comprehensive experience and developments in the larger world; and the fostering of a process whereby students learn to reflect critically upon methods and strategies of addressing contemporary political, economic, and social issues. and the fostering of a process whereby students learn to reflect critically upon methods and strategies of addressing contemporary political, economic, and social issues.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College Unit Objectives 1. To make Southeast Asia an analytical center of inquiry for the African Diaspora. 2. To develop an understanding of the relationship of the Diaspora to other cultures and to major historical, philosophical, artistic, and scientific developments in the world. historical, philosophical, artistic, and scientific developments in the world. 3. To stimulate and nurture an institutional intellectual culture that integrates methods of inquiry, thus establishing connections among disciplines and encouraging students to pursue knowledge thus establishing connections among disciplines and encouraging students to pursue knowledge through a variety of sources. through a variety of sources. 4. To serve as an initial, substantive experience at the college level that provides a foundation for subsequent studies, regardless of the major. subsequent studies, regardless of the major. 5. To promote critical thinking, so that in both written and oral communication the student will be able to analyze print and non-print material, make comparisons of particulars, draw and support able to analyze print and non-print material, make comparisons of particulars, draw and support conclusions. conclusions. 6. To document sources, synthesize diverse information, scrutinize and apply theory, and evaluate the characteristics and ethical implications of diverse worldviews. 7. To understand that a study of the human experience is important to an appreciation of the student's position as a citizen of the world. student's position as a citizen of the world.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College Unit Outcomes 1. Students will develop well-informed questions about course content as well as respond to such questions in written and oral form. 2. Students will critically evaluate and use theory to explain, analyze and interpret historical, philosophical, artistic and scientific development. 3. Students will write critical essays, research papers and other free response writings. 4. Students will introduce and discuss ideas in formal class presentations. 5. Students will produce at least one in-class group project that is visual, digital, or ephemeral e.g., a dramatization, a musical performance, a dance, etc. This project will demonstrate their understanding of a teaching point or theory from this course. 6. Students will conduct original research and present their findings in oral, visual, written and/or digital form.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College LOCATING AND DEFINING SOUTHEAST ASIA Unit 1 addresses basic questions about Unit 1 addresses basic questions about Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia. “What is it?” “What is it?” “Where is it?” “Where is it?”

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

Sources Film: The African Diaspora; Scattered Africa and Voices of the Sidis; Angano Angano: Tales From Madagascar. Film: The African Diaspora; Scattered Africa and Voices of the Sidis; Angano Angano: Tales From Madagascar. Books:Defining and Studying the Modern African Diaspora, Colin Palmer Books:Defining and Studying the Modern African Diaspora, Colin Palmer The African Diaspora in World History and Politics, Joseph Harris (Web CT) The African Diaspora in World History and Politics, Joseph Harris (Web CT) Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora, Joseph E. Harris (ed.) Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora, Joseph E. Harris (ed.) The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean: A Comparative Perspective, Edward A. Alpers The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean: A Comparative Perspective, Edward A. Alpers Reversing Sail: A History of the African Diaspora, Michael A. Gomez Reversing Sail: A History of the African Diaspora, Michael A. Gomez The World and Africa, W.E.B. DuBois The World and Africa, W.E.B. DuBois

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College INDONESIA GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY HISTORY HISTORY AFRICAN DIASPORO AFRICAN DIASPORO An Annotated Bibliography An Annotated Bibliography

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

HISTORY Pre-Colonial Pre-Colonial Arrival of the Europeans Arrival of the Europeans The Colonial State The Colonial State Independent Indonesia Independent Indonesia

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College Bibliography Erik Martin Kuhonga, et.al., eds. Southeast Asia in Political Science (Stanford: Stanford University Press) 2008 Erik Martin Kuhonga, et.al., eds. Southeast Asia in Political Science (Stanford: Stanford University Press) 2008 Tarling Nicholes. Southeast Asia: A Modern History. (Melbourne: Oxford University Press) Tarling Nicholes. Southeast Asia: A Modern History. (Melbourne: Oxford University Press) Norman Owen (ed). The Emergence of Modern Southeast Asia. (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press) Norman Owen (ed). The Emergence of Modern Southeast Asia. (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press) Merle Calvin Richklefs. A History of Modern Indonesia. (Stanford: Stanford University Press) Merle Calvin Richklefs. A History of Modern Indonesia. (Stanford: Stanford University Press) Jean Gelman Taylor. Indonesia:Peoples and Histories. (New Haven: Yale University Press) Jean Gelman Taylor. Indonesia:Peoples and Histories. (New Haven: Yale University Press) 2004.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College JOURNALS Journal of Asian Studies Journal of Asian Studies Journal of Southeast Asian History Journal of Southeast Asian History Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Review of Indonesian and Malayan Affairs Review of Indonesian and Malayan Affairs

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College African KNIL soldier on Java by Ernest Hardouin (ca. 1850). KITLV, Leiden, cat no 36 b 187.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPY 1.Title: The Black Dutchmen: African Soldiers in the Netherlands East Soldiers in the Netherlands East Indies Indies Author: Kessel, W. M. J. van Author: Kessel, W. M. J. van Issue: DSpace at University Leiden (Netherlands) 2002 Issue: DSpace at University Leiden (Netherlands) 2002 Type: Article in Mongraph or proceedings Type: Article in Mongraph or proceedings Pages: Pages: University of Hawaii, Manoa DS640.N4P3 University of Hawaii, Manoa DS640.N4P3

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College More than 3,000 African recruits between , sailed from Elmina (Gold Coast, now Ghana) to Batavia, the capital of the Netherlands East Indies. Some Africans returned to the Gold Coast, while others opted to settle in the East Indies. They became the founding fathers of the Indo-African communities in the Javanese towns of Purworedjo, Semarang, Salatiga and Solo. On Java, the African soldiers and their descendants became known as 'Belanda Hitam' - black Dutchmen. More than 3,000 African recruits between , sailed from Elmina (Gold Coast, now Ghana) to Batavia, the capital of the Netherlands East Indies. Some Africans returned to the Gold Coast, while others opted to settle in the East Indies. They became the founding fathers of the Indo-African communities in the Javanese towns of Purworedjo, Semarang, Salatiga and Solo. On Java, the African soldiers and their descendants became known as 'Belanda Hitam' - black Dutchmen.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College The Indo-African family Land-Cordus posing in front of the Land family house, Purworedjo ca Standing second from the right is Daan Cordus.Collection Daan Cordus.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College Title: “Reminiscences of the African Community in Purworedjo, Indonesia Author: Endri Kusruri Issue: 2002 Type: Book, Chapter: Merchants, Missionaries and Migrants: 300 Years of Dutch-Ghanaian Relations, I. van Kessel (ed.) Pages: Publisher: KIT, Amsterdam Interviews with descendents of soldiers at a reunion in Purworedgo, Amsterdam and in Ghana.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College Title: New Sources for the Study of Akan slave and Slave Trade: Dutch Military Recruitment in the Gold Coast and Asante, Author: Robin Law (ed.) Issue: April 1996, Type: Papers from a conference of the Center of Commonwealth Studies, University of Stirling Pages: Electronic Format, UHM Source material for studying the slave trade and the African Diaspora. Title: Being Dutch in the Indies Author: Ulbe Bosman, Remco Rahen Issue: 2008 Publisher: University of Wisconsin Press Chronicles the experiences of the Black soldiers who were considered Dutch and their rebellions against the Dutch officers and them leaving the army and going into the mountains of Java.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College The African-Asian Diaspora: Myth or Reality? G. Campbell. African and Asian Studies Vol. 5, No. 3-4, 2006, PP Questions if you can describe what happened to Africans in Asia as Diaspora.