NETWORKS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS /e-Biz Applications SECTION 10 NETWORKS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS /e-Biz Applications

LEARNING OUTCOMES Compare LANs, WANs, and MANs List and describe the four components that differentiate networks Compare the two types of network architectures

LEARNING OUTCOMES Explain topology and the different types found in networks Describe TCP/IP along with its primary purpose Identify the different media types found in networks

NETWORK BASICS Telecommunication system - enable the transmission of data over public or private networks Network - a communications, data exchange, and resource-sharing system created by linking two or more computers and establishing standards, or protocols, so that they can work together

NETWORK BASICS The three types of networks include: Local area network (LAN) Metropolitan area network (MAN) Wide area network (WAN)

NETWORK BASICS

NETWORK BASICS Networks are differentiated by the following: Architecture - peer-to-peer, client/server Topology - bus, star, ring, hybrid, wireless Protocols - Ethernet, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Media - coaxial, twisted-pair, fiber-optic

ARCHITECTURE There are two primary types of architectures Peer-to-peer (P2P) network Client/server network

Peer-to-Peer Networks Peer-to-peer (P2P) network - any network without a central file server and in which all computers in the network have access to the public files located on all other workstations

Client/Server Networks Client - a computer that is designed to request information from a server Server - a computer that is dedicated to providing information in response to external requests Client/server network - model for applications in which the bulk of the back-end processing takes place on a server, while the front-end processing is handled by the clients

Client/Server Networks Network operating system (NOS) - the operating system that runs a network, steering information between computers and managing security and users Packet-switching - occurs when the sending computer divides a message into a number of efficiently sized units called packets, each of which contains the address of the destination computer Router - an intelligent connecting device that examines each packet of data it receives and then decides which way to send it onward toward its destination

Client/Server Networks

Client/Server Networks Worldwide router growth

Various Portable Computers Portable computer (iPad, Galaxy Tap…etc) Although its fancy appearance, still has some limitations.

TOPOLOGY Network topology - refers to the geometric arrangement of the actual physical organization of the computers and other network devices) in a network Bus Star Ring Hybrid Wireless

TOPOLOGY

PROTOCOLS Protocol - a standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission Interoperability - the capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers

Ethernet Ethernet - a physical and data layer technology for LAN networking

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) - provides the technical foundation for the public Internet as well as for large numbers of private network

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol TCP/IP applications File transfer protocol (FTP) Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) Simple network management Protocol (SNMP)

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

Voice over IP (VoIP) Voice over IP (VoIP) - uses TCP/IP technology to transmit voice calls over long-distance telephone lines

MEDIA Network transmission media - refers to the various types of media used to carry the signal between computers Wire media (guided) Wireless media (unguided)

Wire Media Wire media - transmission material manufactured so that signals will be confined to a narrow path and will behave predictably Three most commonly used types include: Twisted-pair wiring Coaxial cable Fiber optic (or optical fiber)

Wire Media

Wireless Media Wireless media - natural parts of the Earth’s environment that can be used as physical paths to carry electrical signals

E-BUSINESS NETWORKS

E-BUSINESS NETWORKS Virtual private network (VPN) - a way to use the public telecommunication infrastructure (e.g., Internet) to provide secure access to an organization’s network Valued-added network (VAN) - a private network, provided by a third party, for exchanging information through a high capacity connection

OPENING CASE QUESTIONS The Digital Hospital Explain how hospitals are using telecommunication and network technologies to improve their operations Describe the two different types of network architectures and identify which one Hackensack University Medical Center is using Explain TCP/IP and the role it plays in Hackensack University Medical Center’s IT projects Identify a new telecommunication or network product that Hackensack University Medical Center could use to improve its operations

WIRELESS COMPUTING / Applications

LEARNING OUTCOMES Explain how a wireless device helps an organization conduct business anytime, anywhere, anyplace Describe RFID and how it can be used to help make a supply chain more effective List and discuss the key factors inspiring the growth of wireless technologies Describe the business benefits associated with a mobile enterprise

WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI) Wireless fidelity (wi-fi) – a means of linking computers using infrared or radio signals Common examples of wireless devices include: Cellular phones and pagers Global positioning systems (GPS) Cordless computer peripherals Home-entertainment-system control boxes Two-way radios Satellite television

WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI) Disruptive wireless technologies WiMax wireless broadband Radio frequency identification tags (RFID) Micro hard drives Apple’s G5 and AMD’s Athlon 64 processors

The Value of Timely Information Timeliness is an aspect of information that depends on the situation Real-time information – immediate, up-to-date information Real-time system – provides real-time information in response to query requests

The Value of Timely Information Real-time systems help organizations make faster and more effective decisions

BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Mobile and wireless are often used synonymously, but actually denote two different technologies Mobile technology - means the technology can travel with the user, but it is not necessarily in real-time Wireless technology - gives users a live (Internet) connection via satellite or radio transmitters

BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Drivers of wireless technology growth include: Universal access to information and applications The automation of business processes User convenience, timeliness, and ability to conduct business 24x7

BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Wireless devices changing business include: Wireless local area network (wLAN) Cellular phones and pagers Cordless computer peripherals Satellite television WiMax wireless broadband Security sensor

ADVANTAGES OF ENTERPRISE MOBILITY

Bluetooth Bluetooth – an omnidirectional wireless technology that provides limited-range voice and data transmission over the unlicensed 2.4-GHz frequency band, allowing connections with a wide variety of fixed and portable devices that normally would have to be cabled together

Radio Frequency Identification Radio frequency identification (RFID) - use active or passive tags in the form of chips or smart labels that can store unique identifiers and relay this information to electronic readers RFID tag - contains a microchip and an antenna, and typically work by transmitting a serial number via radio waves to an electronic reader, which confirms the identity of a person or object bearing the tag

RFID

RFID

Satellite Microware transmitter – commonly used to transmit network signals over great distances

Global Positioning System Global positioning system (GPS) – a device that determines current latitude, longitude, speed, and direction of movement Market for GPS services is at $5 billion with expectations for the demand to double over the next five years Geographic information system (GIS) – designed to work with information that can be shown on a map

THE FUTURE OF WIRELESS

OPENING CASE QUESTIONS The Digital Hospital Why is real-time information important to hospitals? How is Hackensack University Medical Center using wireless technology to improve its operations? Identify three wireless technologies that are changing the way businesses operate and explain how hospitals can use these technologies to improve their operations

CLOSING CASE ONE Tracking Students Explain the fundamentals of RFID and how it is being used to track students Describe the ethical dilemmas involved with tracking students with RFID Identify two types of wireless business opportunities schools could take advantage of to help improve operations

CLOSING CASE ONE Tracking Students How could RFID help schools deal with potential security issues? Develop a Bluetooth, GPS, or satellite product that schools could use to improve operations Determine a way that schools could use RFID tags without violating privacy rights

E-Biz Application e-Catalog

Contents are important “What is the most significant issue in maintaining your website?” 43% -- Generating content 17% -- Retaining website staff 16% -- Meeting management goals 14% -- Keeping the site up 10% -- Maintaining site performance -- E-Commerce Enabler Software; Rapid Growth and Faster Change, Tucker Anthony Cleary Gull

E-Catalog Approaches PDF version of print catalog Hand-crafted Web pages E-catalog software Internally developed system Quality of the result varies depending on the level of time and resources invested. Contrast “online product selection” (exploration and comparison) with “online selling”

PDF Catalogs Unsuitable for browsing online Opaque to search engines No linking, especially across documents No integration with shopping carts No personalization Resellers can’t reuse Limited update frequency PDF files are not interactive (or only slightly so) Lack of shopping cart integration isn’t a problem for selling to first-time customers of complex products, who usually need to be sold face to face, but repeat customers increasingly want to buy online. Update frequency is limited either by internal processes (it’s hard to compose a new catalog) or by customer behavior (they’re more likely to print out a PDF catalog and refer to it instead of coming back to the Web site and downloading the PDF again)

Hand-Crafted Web Pages Time-consuming to develop and change Typically limited in depth and breadth Out of synch with print catalogs Broken links No personalization Manual reuse Out of synch: subject to subsequent changes (“improvements”) and inconsistencies

E-Catalog Software Moderate integration Lots of “data scrubbing” Limited descriptive info – just for selling Point solution Out of synch with print catalogs Requires high-level expertise and ongoing maintenance

Examples of System Architecture: Web Server with Order Form Financial Network Internet Catalog and Order Database Buyer with Browser

QR Tag Abbreviation for Quick Response Tag Specific matrix barcode (or two-dimensional code), readable by dedicated QR barcode readersand camera phones. The code consists of black modules arranged in a square pattern on a white background. The information encoded can be text, URL or other data.

QR Tag In 1994 Denso-Wave created two-dimensional barcodes As the creator intended the code to allow its contents to be decoded at high speed. QR Codes in Japan, a success since 2003 The technology has seen a large uptake in Japan and South Korea. 59

Mobile Tags - Mobile Phone is a Internet Browser Mobile Phone is a Barcode Scanner - Mobile Phone is a Internet Browser 60

Mobile Tags & Mobile Internet Always up to date Interactive Multimedia (Audio, Video etc.) Mesurable %URL : Mobile Website, Direct Download of a Video or Song etc.

A name card with QR code