Distributing Dividends and Preparing a Worksheet for a Merchandising Business

2LESSON 14-1 STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY ACCOUNTS USED BY A CORPORATION page 405 (3000) STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 3110Capital Stock 3120Retained Earnings 3130Dividends 3140Income Summary

3 6. Stockholders’ Equity and Dividends Retained earnings – an amount earned by a corporation and not yet distributed to stockholders Dividends – earnings distributed to stockholders (temporary account similar to drawing account for a sole proprietorship) Board of Directors – a group of persons elected by the stockholders to manage a corporation Declaring a dividend – action by the board of directors to distribute corporate earnings to stockholders (usually declared one date and paid on a later date)

4LESSON 14-1 DECLARING A DIVIDEND page 406 December 15. Hobby Shack’s board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of $2.00 per share; capital stock issued is 2,500 shares; total dividend, $5, Date of payment is January 15. Memorandum No Write the debit amount. 3.Write the memorandum number. 2.Write the title of the account debited. 1.Write the date. 5.Write the title of the account credited. 6.Write the credit amount.

5LESSON 14-1 PAYING A DIVIDEND page 407 January 15. Paid cash for quarterly dividend declared December 15, $5, Check No Write the date. 2. Write the account title. 3. Write the check number. 4. Write the debit account. 5. Write the credit amount.

6LESSON 14-2 RECORDING A TRIAL BALANCE ON A WORK SHEET page Account title 2.Account balance 3.Total, prove, and rule the debit and credit columns

7LESSON 14-2 ANALYZING AND RECORDING SUPPLIES ADJUSTMENTS page 411 Adj. (a)2, Supplies Expense—Office Dec. 31 Bal.3,480.00Adj. (a)2, (Adj Bal ) Supplies — Office Adj. (b)2, Supplies Expense — Store Dec. 31 Bal.3,944.00Adj. (b) 2, (Adj Bal.1,034.00) Supplies — Store

8LESSON 14-2 RECORDING SUPPLIES ADJUSTMENTS ON A WORK SHEET page Write the debit amounts in the Adjustments Debit column. 2.Write the credit amounts in the Adjustments Credit column. 3.Label the two parts of the Supplies—Office adjustment with small letter a and small letter b in parentheses. 3 3

9LESSON 14-2 ANALYZING AND RECORDING A PREPAID INSURANCE ADJUSTMENT page Enter the amount of insurance used in the Adjustments Credit column. 2.Enter the same amount in the Adjustments Debit column. 3.Label the two parts of the adjustment with a small letter c in parentheses.

10 7. Planning and Adjusting Merchandise Inventory Merchandise Inventory (asset) – the amount of goods on hand for sale to customers - Purchases of merchandise are recorded to purchases account - Sales of merchandise are recorded to sales account (changes to merchandise happen so often that the merchandise inventory account is only affected once per fiscal period, when doing the worksheet)

11LESSON 14-3 ANALYZING AND RECORDING A MERCHANDISE INVENTORY ADJUSTMENT page Write the debit amount. 3.Label the two parts of this adjustment with a small letter d in parentheses. 2.Write the credit amount. No direct temporary account (expense) so Income Summary is used for the adjustment

12LESSON 14-3 ANALYZING AN ADJUSTMENT WHEN ENDING MERCHANDISE INVENTORY IS GREATER THAN BEGINNING MERCHANDISE INVENTORY page 417 Jan. 1 Bal.294, Adj. (d)4, (New Bal.298,900.00) Merchandise Inventory Adj. (d)4, Income Summary

13 8. Planning and Adjusting Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts Uncollectible Accounts – accounts receivable that cannot be collected (customer that will not pay) -This risk is recorded as an expense in same accounting period revenue is earned (Concept: Matching expenses with revenue) -Since we do not know which accounts receivable, an estimate is calculated and expensed Asset (contra account)Asset Expense

14 8. Planning and Adjusting Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts Two objectives of estimating this: -1. Reports Balance Sheet amount for Accts. Rec. that reflect what is expected to be collected in future -2. Recognizes the expense for uncollectible amounts in same fiscal period Allowance method of recording losses from uncollectible accounts – crediting the estimated value of uncollectible amounts to a contra account Book value – the difference between an asset’s account balance and its related contra account Book value of accounts receivable – difference between accounts receivable and allowance for uncollectible accounts

15 LESSON 14-4 Estimated Uncollectible Accounts Expense =Percentage× Total Sales on Account $1,245.00=1%×$124, ESTIMATING UNCOLLECTIBLE ACCOUNTS EXPENSE page 420 Many companies use a percentage of total sales method – based on experience

16LESSON Enter the estimated uncollectible amount. ANALYZING AND RECORDING AN ADJUSTMENT FOR UNCOLLECTIBLE ACCOUNTS EXPENSE 3.Label the two parts with a small letter e in parentheses page Enter the same amount in the Adjustments Debit column.

17 9. Planning and Adjusting for Depreciation Current assets – cash and other assets expected to be exchanged for cash or consumed in one year Plant assets – assets that will be used for a number of years in the operation of a business - three major types: equipment, buildings, land Depreciation expense – the portion of a plant asset’s cost that is transferred to an expense account in each fiscal period during a plant asset’s useful life

18 Depreciation Three factors in calculating annual amount of depreciation: 1. Original cost 2. Estimated salvage value – the amount an owner expects to receive when a plant asset is removed from use (residual value or scrap value) 3. Estimated useful life (physical depreciation and functional depreciation )

19 Straight-Line Depreciation Straight-Line depreciation – charging an equal amount of depreciation expense for a plant asset each year Estimated Total Depreciation Expense = Estimated Salvage Value – Original Cost Annual Depreciation Expense = Years of Estimated Useful Life ÷ Estimated Total Depreciation Expense $1,000.00=$250.00–$1, $ = 5 ÷ $1,000.00

20 Accumulated Depreciation Accumulated depreciation – the total amount of depreciation expense that has been recorded since the purchase of a plant asset 20X3 Accumulated Depreciation = 20X3 Depreciation Expense + 20X2 Accumulated Depreciation $600.00=$ $ Asset (contra account)

21 Calculating Book Value Book value of a plant asset – the original cost of a plant asset minus accumulated depreciation Ending Book Value = Accumulated Depreciation –Original Cost $650.00=$600.00–$1,250.00

22LESSON 14-5 ANALYZING AND RECORDING ADJUSTMENTS FOR DEPRECIATION EXPENSE page Write the debit amounts. 2.Write the credit amounts. 3.Label the adjustments.

Calculating Federal Income Tax and Completing a Work Sheet Corporations anticipating annual federal taxes ≥ $500 required to pay estimated taxes quarterly (April, June, September, December) Corporations calculate federal income tax owed at the end of the fiscal year and file annual return

Calculating Federal Income Tax and Completing a Work Sheet In order to adjust federal income tax, first determine net income before income tax expense 1.Complete all other adjustments on the work sheet 2.Extend all amounts except Federal Income Tax Expense 3.Separately, total Income Statement columns 4.Calculate the difference between the Income Statement Debit total and Income Statement Credit total. (Difference represents net income prior to federal income tax)

25LESSON 14-6 FEDERAL INCOME TAX EXPENSE ADJUSTMENT page 427 Total of Income Statement Credit column$500, Less total of Income Statement Debit column before federal income tax–396, Equals Net Income before Federal Income Tax$104,203.19

Calculating Federal Income Tax and Completing a Work Sheet The amount of federal income tax expense is calculated using a tax rate table provided by IRS

27LESSON Calculate the amount of federal income tax expense adjustment. RECORDING THE FEDERAL INCOME TAX ADJUSTMENT page Total and rule the Adjustments columns. 3. Extend account balances.

28LESSON 14-6 COMPLETING A WORK SHEET 11 page Total the Income Statement and Balance Sheet columns. 5.Rule double lines. 4.Calculate the column totals. 3.Extend the net income amount. 2.Calculate and enter the net income after federal income tax.

29LESSON 14-6 A COMPLETED 8-COLUMN WORK SHEET page 432

30LESSON 14-6 A 10-COLUMN WORK SHEET page Trial balance Extend balances 2.Adjustments 3.Extend adjusted balances 4.Total, prove, and rule 6.Calculate net income; total, prove and rule 1