10-8 Spheres Holt Geometry

Warm Up Find each measurement. 1. the radius of circle M if the diameter is 25 cm 2. the circumference of circle X if the radius is 42.5 in. 3. the area of circle T if the diameter is 26 ft 4. the circumference of circle N if the area is 625 cm2

Objectives Learn and apply the formula for the volume of a sphere. Learn and apply the formula for the surface area of a sphere.

Vocabulary sphere center of a sphere radius of a sphere hemisphere great circle

A sphere is the locus of points in space that are a fixed distance from a given point called the center of a sphere. A radius of a sphere connects the center of the sphere to any point on the sphere. A hemisphere is half of a sphere. A great circle divides a sphere into two hemispheres

The figure shows a hemisphere and a cylinder with a cone removed from its interior. The cross sections have the same area at every level, so the volumes are equal by Cavalieri’s Principle. You will prove that the cross sections have equal areas in Exercise 39. The height of the hemisphere is equal to the radius.

V(hemisphere) = V(cylinder) – V(cone) The volume of a sphere with radius r is twice the volume of the hemisphere, or .

Example 1A: Finding Volumes of Spheres Find the volume of the sphere. Give your answer in terms of . Volume of a sphere. = 2304 in3 Simplify.

Example 1B: Finding Volumes of Spheres Find the diameter of a sphere with volume 36,000 cm3.

Example 1C: Finding Volumes of Spheres Find the volume of the hemisphere.

In the figure, the vertex of the pyramid is at the center of the sphere. The height of the pyramid is approximately the radius r of the sphere. Suppose the entire sphere is filled with n pyramids that each have base area B and height r.

4r2 ≈ nB If the pyramids fill the sphere, the total area of the bases is approximately equal to the surface area of the sphere S, so 4r2 ≈ S. As the number of pyramids increases, the approximation gets closer to the actual surface area.

Example 3A: Finding Surface Area of Spheres Find the surface area of a sphere with diameter 76 cm. Give your answers in terms of . S = 4r2 Surface area of a sphere S = 4(38)2 = 5776 cm2

Example 3B: Finding Surface Area of Spheres Find the volume of a sphere with surface area 324 in2. Give your answers in terms of .

S = 4r2 Surface area of a sphere 324 = 4r2 Substitute 324 for S. r = 9 Solve for r. Substitute 9 for r. The volume of the sphere is 972 in2.

Example 3C: Finding Surface Area of Spheres Find the surface area of a sphere with a great circle that has an area of 49 mi2.

Example 4: Exploring Effects of Changing Dimensions The radius of the sphere is multiplied by . Describe the effect on the volume. original dimensions: radius multiplied by : Notice that . If the radius is multiplied by , the volume is multiplied by , or .

Check It Out! Example 4 The radius of the sphere is divided by 3. Describe the effect on the surface area.

Example 5: Finding Surface Areas and Volumes of Composite Figures Find the surface area and volume of the composite figure. Give your answer in terms of . Step 1 Find the surface area of the composite figure. The surface area of the composite figure is the sum of the curved surface area of the hemisphere, the lateral area of the cylinder, and the base area of the cylinder.

Example 5 Continued Find the surface area and volume of the composite figure. Give your answer in terms of . L(cylinder) = 2rh = 2(6)(9) = 108 in2 B(cylinder) = r2 = (6)2 = 36 in2 The surface area of the composite figure is 72 + 108 + 36 = 216 in2.

Step 2 Find the volume of the composite figure. Example 5 Continued Find the surface area and volume of the composite figure. Give your answer in terms of . Step 2 Find the volume of the composite figure. The volume of the composite figure is the sum of the volume of the hemisphere and the volume of the cylinder. The volume of the composite figure is 144 + 324 = 468 in3.

Lesson Quiz: Part I Find each measurement. Give your answers in terms of . 1. the volume and surface area of the sphere 2. the volume and surface area of a sphere with great circle area 36 in2 3. the volume and surface area of the hemisphere

Lesson Quiz: Part II 4. A sphere has radius 4. If the radius is multiplied by 5, describe what happens to the surface area. 5. Find the volume and surface area of the composite figure. Give your answer in terms of .