Competitive Environment

Credit card Rewards 1 With a fractured and competitive environment, rewards points cut dramatically into an issuer's bottom line, and rewards points and related incentives must be carefully managed to ensure a profitable portfolio

Harvard Law School - 20th century: Institutional criticism 1 Harvard Law was often believed to be a competitive environment

Telecommunications in Thailand 1 After the 2006 Thailand coup d'état in September 2006, Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont announced plans to merge TOT with CAT Telecom in order to operate a 'Telecom Pool' where providers rent the ability to be able to operate rather than receiving a concession with hopes that the new system will create a more competitive environment driving growth in the sector

Telecommunications in Latvia - Telephones 1 The telecom regulator SPRK tries to provide a competitive environment so that new operators can compete with Lattelecom which owns most of the last- mile connections.

Telecommunications in Burkina Faso 1 Mobile phone technology has skyrocketed in Burkina Faso in the last decade, growing from 2,700 subscribers in 1998 to 398,000 in Mobile phone subscribers now represent 83% of all telephone users in the country. (International Telecommunication Union, 2006). The mobile telephone segment has benefitted from a competitive environment between operators Celtel, Télécel Faso, and Telmob, which has pushed rates down even as density and coverage area increased.

Global marketing - Disadvantages 1 Differences in brand and product development and the competitive environment

Comparative advertising - History 1 The FTC argued that this form of advertising could also stimulate comparison shopping, encourage product improvement and innovation, and foster a positive competitive environment

ITU-T - History 1 In 1992, the Plenipotentiary Conference (the top policy-making conference of ITU) saw a reform of ITU, giving the Union greater flexibility to adapt to an increasingly complex, interactive and competitive environment. It was at this time that CCITT was renamed the Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T), as one of three Sectors of the Union alongside the Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) and the Telecommunication Development Sector (ITU-D).

The Hindu - Modern history 1 Ram was appointed on 27 June 2003 as its editor-in-chief with a mandate to "improve the structures and other mechanisms to uphold and strengthen quality and objectivity in news reports and opinion pieces", authorised to "restructure the editorial framework and functions in line with the competitive environment"

Telecommunications in Iran - Privatization 1 The privatization and introduction of a second operator has created a significantly more competitive environment which has led to significant cost reductions for mobile owners and service benefits.

Sporting Clube de Portugal - Football 1 The club's football department has developed an increasingly professionalized profile which operates in an increasingly competitive environment in both Portugal and Europe

Recruitment process outsourcing - History 1 Everest Group estimates the current size of the RPO market at US$1.4billion in annualized spend with a growth rate of over 25% in The process has moved beyond a nascent stage to a highly competitive environment with multiple service providers and more complex forms of RPO such as multi-country RPO and blended RPO (managing permanent and temporary hires within the same arrangement).

Competition law - United States antitrust 1 Prof Rudolph Peritz has argued that competition law in the United States has evolved around two sometimes conflicting concepts of competition: first that of individual liberty, free of government intervention, and second a fair competitive environment free of excessive economic power

Pakistan - Media and entertainment 1 In the fierce competitive environment that followed commercial interests became paramount and quality journalism gave way to sensationalism

1973 oil crisis - Soviet reaction 1 This competitive environment, beneficial to the regional states involved, was mitigated sharply after

Plasmids 1 Plasmids may carry genes that provide resistance to naturally occurring antibiotics in a competitive environmental niche, or the proteins produced may act as toxins under similar circumstances

E-cycling - Sale 1 Online auctions are an alternative for consumers willing to resell for cash less fees, in a complicated, self-managed, competitive environment where paid listings might not sell. Online classified ads can be similarly risky due to forgery scams and uncertainty.

Comparative advertising - History 1 The FTC argued that this form of advertising could also stimulate comparison shopping, encourage product improvement and innovation, and foster a positive competitive environment.C.L

Television series - Budgets and revenues 1 Once the number of 'free to air' stations was restricted by the availability of television channel|channel frequencies, but cable TV (outside the USA, satellite television) technology has allowed an expansion in the number of channels available to viewers (sometimes at premium rates) in a much more competitive environment.

Departmentalization - Popular Types of Departmentalization 1 Owing to the complexity of tasks and the competitive environment in which organisations operate, they often use a combination of the above-mentioned methods in departmentalization.

Insurance law - United States 1 Other issues of insurance law may arise when price fixing occurs between insurers, creating an unfair competitive environment for consumers

Dental tourism - Pricing and quality 1 Though they may encourage a level of competition between dentists, this will only happen in a competitive environment where supply and demand are closely matched.

Credit cards - Rewards 1 With a fractured and competitive environment, rewards points cut dramatically into an issuer's bottom line, and rewards points and related incentives must be carefully managed to ensure a profitable portfolio (finance)|portfolio

Electricity market - History 1 They were conceived as the way to handle the vastly increased number of transactions that take place in a competitive environment

Strategic information system - Gaining competitive advantage 1 Strategic system, thus, attempt to match Information Services resources to strategic business opportunities where the computer systems will have an impact on the products and the business operations. Planning for strategic systems is not defined by calendar cycles or routine reporting. It is defined by the effort required to impact the competitive environment and the strategy of a firm at the point in time that management wants to move on the idea.

Loss aversion - Questions about the existence of loss aversion 1 Loss aversion may be more salient when people compete. Gill and Prowse (2012) provide experimental evidence that people are loss averse around reference points given by their expectations in a competitive environment with real effort.

Studebaker - First auto proving ground 1 By 1929, the sales list had been expanded to 50 models and business was so good that 90 per cent of earnings were being paid out as dividends to shareholders in a highly competitive environment

Strategic planning - Situational analysis 1 Analysis of the competitive environment is also performed, many times based on the framework suggested by Michael Porter.

Co-curricular activity (Singapore) - Competitions 1 Many CCA-related competitions are held in Singapore, creating a competitive environment which provide CCA groups an objective to work towards.

Trainer Card - Tournament Play 1 POP runs a season for these tournaments, which allows players to earn larger prizes and play in a more competitive environment in comparison to League

Job interview - Validity and predictive power 1 Honesty and integrity are attributes that can be very hard to determine using a formal job interview process: the competitive environment of the job interview may in fact promote dishonesty. Some experts on job interviews express a degree of cynicism towards the process.

Leonidas I - Life 1 Plutarch has recorded the following: When someone said to him: 'Except for being king you are not at all superior to us,' Leonidas son of Anaxandridas and brother of Cleomenes replied: 'But were I not better than you, I should not be king.'Plutarch on Sparta, Sayings of Spartans, Leonidas son of Anaxandridas, #1 As the product of the agoge, Leonidas is unlikely to have been referring to his royal blood alone but rather suggesting that he had, like his brother Dorieus, proven superior capability in the competitive environment of Spartan training and society, and that he believed this made him qualified to rule.

Weird City - Critical Reception 1 In an increasingly competitive environment, successful cities must be acutely aware of how they are viewed by potential residents, businesses, and other sources of capital

ASK Corporation - Decline and sale (1990–1994) 1 In 1992 ASK was restructured to better reflect the nature of its operations. The company was renamed ASK Group, Inc., and comprised three business unitsmdash; ASK Computer Systems, Data 3, and Ingres. With the merger of ASK and Ingres completed, Kurtzig replaced herself as CEO in 1991, but remained non-executive chairman until Although ASK appeared to be on solid footing to face the computer industry's challenging, competitive environment, its fortunes continued to decline.

Sears - Employee relations 1 Sears has struggled with employee relations. One notable example was the shift in 1992 from an hourly wage based on longevity to a base wage (usually anywhere from $3.50 to $6 per hour) and commissions ranging from 1% to 11%. This new base wage, often constituting a substantial (up to 40%) cut in pay, was done to be successful in this highly competitive environment.600-plus Sears jobs to be cut Chicago Tribune February 13,

Real-time business intelligence - Evolution of RTBI 1 In today’s competitive environment with high consumer expectation, decisions that are based on the most current data available to improve customer relationships, increase revenue, maximize operational efficiencies, and yes – even save lives. This technology is real-time business intelligence. Real-time business intelligence systems provide the information necessary to strategically improve an enterprise’s processes as well as to take tactical advantage of events as they occur.

Navteq - Karlin Collins, Inc. 1 A competitive environment was quickly arising with Etak (automotive navigation systems)|Etak being the most notable. Etak's offering was an in-car system that showed your location on the map but did not offer directions.

Claremont Graduate University - Getty Leadership Institute 1 [ The Getty Leadership Institute] at Claremont Graduate University is a leading source of continuing professional development for current and future leaders of museums and other nonprofit institutions. New technologies, shifts in philanthropic patterns, and a vigorously competitive environment challenge institutional leaders to think strategically.

Transaction cost - Examples 1 Once the contract is awarded to the supplier, the relationship between customer and supplier changes from a competitive environment to a monopoly/monopsony relationship, known as a bilateral monopoly

Creative city - Origins 1 Education did not prepare students for the demands of the new world; organization, management and leadership with its control ethos and hierarchical focus did not provide the flexibility, adaptability and resilience to cope in the emerging competitive environment; cities whose atmosphere, look and feel were industrial and where quality of design was low were not attractive and competitive

Organizing (management) - Delegation 1 Delegation is the process managers use to transfer authority and responsibility to positions below them. Organizations today tend to encourage delegation from highest to lowest possible levels. Delegation can improve flexibility to meet customers’ needs and adaptation to competitive environments. Managers often find delegation difficult

Kellogg School of Management - Students and culture 1 Kellogg is known for its collaborative culture as opposed to a more competitive environment in most of the other top business schools. Most of the classes require several group works during classes or outside which require acute interpersonal skills from the students.

Tendency of the rate of profit to fall - Criticisms 1 # Capitalists operating in a competitive environment may not have any choice about investing in new technologies, to keep or expand their market share, even if doing so raises the pressure for all of them to spend an ever larger share of their income on newest technology, thereby reducing the available surplus to finance expansion of employment.

Institute of Actuaries of Australia - Continued Professional Development 1 Improving and developing actuarial knowledge, skills and networks in an ever changing and competitive environment is vital. The Actuaries Institute’s Continued Professional Development program helps maintain the high levels of expertise and professional standards required by an actuary.

Judson University - Athletics 1 Judson also offers a variety of summer sports camps open to the community. The camps are designed to give students (through grade 12) the opportunity to develop and enhance their skills in sports in a non-competitive environment. Summer camps offered at Judson include:

Reid Hoffman - PayPal 1 Allen Blue, whom Hoffman hired at PayPal, said that “PayPal had to scratch and claw for every advantage it had and Reid became an expert at competing effectively in an extremely competitive environment

Brand architecture 1 'Brand architecture' may be defined as an integrated process of brand building through establishing brand relationships among branding options in the competitive environment. The brand architecture of an organization at any time is, in large measure, a legacy of past management decisions as well as the competitive realities it faces in the marketplace.

Substance dependence - Addiction as the result of an evolutionary mismatch 1 In a physically competitive environment, aggression could be beneficial

Inequality of bargaining power - Historical development 1 This means that much labour is supplied merely out of necessity, than free choice (shifting the supply curve to the right) and it is a false kind of competitive environment

Economic history of Germany - Social market economy 1 The only state role in the new West German economy was to protect the competitive environment from monopolistic or oligopolistic tendencies—including its own

First-mover advantage - Incumbent inertia 1 These firms are sometimes unable to be sustained in a changing and competitive environment

Innovation leadership - Competition Collaboration Paradox 1 The competition Collaboration Paradox involves a leader developing open external relationships with other organizations in order to discover potential innovation opportunities while at the same time ensuring that the organization’s emerging ideas are protected in a competitive environment.

Robert H. Frank - Books 1 * What Price the Moral High Ground? Ethical Dilemmas in Competitive Environments. Princeton: Princeton University Press

Monopolistic competition - Problems 1 There are unique information and information processing costs associated with selecting a brand in a monopolistically competitive environment

Public health insurance - Policy discussion 1 efficiency). A range of measures, such as better payment methods, have improved the microeconomic incentives facing providers. However, introducing improved incentives through a more competitive environment among providers and insurers has proved difficult.

Standardization of Office Open XML - Post-adoption quotes 1 I think the one thing that we would acknowledge and that we were frustrated with is that, by the time we realised what was going on and the competitive environment that was underway, we were late and there was a lot of catch-up

Internet in Iran - Privatization 1 The privatization and introduction of a second operator has created a significantly more competitive environment which has led to significant cost reductions for mobile owners and service benefits.

Municipal broadband - Advantages 1 In this way, governments are able to create a competitive environment where the network owner does not determine which services consumers can receive

Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport - History 1 American Airlines considered establishing an Atlanta hub around the time of Eastern's demise, but determined that Delta was already too strong there, and that the competitive environment was more favorable at Eastern's other hub in Miami International Airport|Miami.

Artistic gymnastics 1 Artistic gymnastics is a popular spectator sport at the Summer Olympic Games and in numerous other competitive environments.

Diamond model - Criticism 1 Porter has used the diamond model when consulting with the governments of CanadaPorter, M.E., the Monitor Company, Canada at the crossroads: The reality of a new competitive environment, Business Council on National Issues and Minister of Supply and Services of the Government of Canada, Ottawa

CZ.NIC - Commercial Registrars 1 The aim of this measure was to separate the technical aspects of the operation of the registration system from the operation by domain names’ end holders and to introduce competitive environment, which would bring better services and lower prices, into the registration process

Retail concentration 1 In this case the HHI is 0,0944 (not concentrated market, even if not highly competitive environment). Standardised from 0 to 1, the value is 0,0378 (very low…).

Public Sector Marketing - 3rd case: possible exchange / relationship subject to constraint 1 Owing to the absence of freedom in the relationship that is established between the administration and the service user, it is not possible to apply all marketing principles – regarding, for example, the segmentation of needs, expectations or behaviours, or the positioning of the service offering (due to little or no competitive environment, the absence of any possible differentiation in terms of service fee, etc.)

New York Jets - Cheerleading squad 1 The Jets Junior Flight Crew was established in 2010 offering children the opportunity to train with the Flight Crew while improving their talent and abilities in a non-competitive environment.

Shift 2: Unleashed - Spin-off 1 GameTrailers rated the game an 8.9/10, saying how it Refines the strengths of the first game and extends their value indefinitely through the competitive environment of autolog. There aren't any breakthrough new features here, but this is a racer that will constantly push you to improve and make you sweat under the pressure.

Place branding - Competition of a globalizing world 1 Proponents of place branding argue that this heightened competitive environment makes it important for places, no matter their size or composition, to clearly differentiate themselves and to convey why they are relevant and valued options.

NextGen Series 1 The 'NextGen Series' was a European football club cup competition for under-19 footballers. It was designed to provide players with the opportunity to match themselves against other elite European footballers of their age group in a competitive environment. The competition was created by sports TV producer Justin Andrews and current Brentford F.C.|Brentford Manager Mark Warburton.

Social loafing - Reducing social loafing 1 According to Dan J. Rothwell, it takes the three Cs of motivation to get a group moving: collaboration, content, and choice. Thus, the answer to social loafing may be motivation. A competitive environment may not necessarily get group members motivated.

Single market - Benefits and costs 1 Consumers are benefited by the single market in the sense that the competitive environment brings them cheaper products, more efficient providers of products and also increased choice of products

Sears.com - Employee relations 1 Sears has struggled with employee relations. One notable example was the shift in 1992 from an hourly wage based on longevity to a base wage (usually anywhere from $3.50 to $6 per hour) and commissions ranging from 0.5% to 11%. This new base wage, often constituting a substantial (up to 40%) cut in pay, was done to be successful in this highly competitive environment.600-plus Sears jobs to be cut Chicago Tribune February 13,

Art of the United Kingdom - Early 18th century 1 Medina had first worked in London, but in mid-career moved to the less competitive environment of Edinburgh, where he dominated portraiture of the Scottish elite

Product service system - Impact of PSSes 1 From a manufacturer's perspective, the business potential of a PSS is determined by an interplay of four mechanisms: cost reduction, increased customer value, changes to the company's competitive environment and an expansion of the customer base.Van Ostaeyen (2014). Analysis of the Business Potential of Product- Service Systems for Investment Goods. PhD thesis, KU Leuven. p.39 ISBN

EGovernment in Europe - Portugal 1 * guaranteeing a telecommunications' competitive environment in the Portuguese market;

Cliff Stearns - Solyndra Investigation 1 The company, which faced a highly competitive environment, went bankrupt and was raided by the FBI for possible fraud

Clinch fighting - Grappling techniques 1 In competitive environments examples of such clothing would be the Judogi, Brazilian Jiu Jitsu gi or the Kurtka.

Bids for the 1996 Summer Olympics - Background 1 In his defense, ACOG Chairman Billy Payne said, Atlanta's bidding effort included excessive actions, even thought processes, that today seem inappropriate but, at the time, reflected the prevailing practices in the selection process and an extremely competitive environment

Uri Gneezy - Selected Publicationshttp://management.ucsd.edu/faculty/directory/gneezy/pub/docs/cv- gneezy.pdf 1 * Gneezy, U., M. Niederle, and A. Rustichini “Performance in competitive environments: Gender differences,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 2003, pp.1049– 74. ectory/gneezy/pub/docs/gender- differences.pdf

John Boyd (military strategist) - The OODA Loop 1 In 2007, strategy writer Robert Greene (author)|Robert Greene discussed the loop in a post called OODA and You.Greene, Robert. [ you/ OODA and You.] Power, Seduction and War: The Blog of Robert Greene. Retrieved: September 7, He insisted that it was deeply relevant to any kind of competitive environment: business, politics, sports, even the struggle of organisms to survive, and claimed to have been initially struck by its brilliance.

Advanced manufacturing - Successful Manufacturers 1 Other sources define advanced manufacturers as those that “succeed” in today’s competitive environment

U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century - Recapitalizing America's strengths in science and education 1 *doubling the federal research and development budget by 2010, and instituting a more competitive environment for the allotment of those funds

Cost curve - Long-run average cost curve (LRAC) 1 All points along the LRAC are productively efficient, by definition, but not all are equilibrium points in a long-run perfectly competitive environment.

Customer retention 1 Customer retention is more than giving the customer what they expect, it’s about exceeding their expectations so that they become loyal advocates for your brand. Creating customer loyalty puts ‘customer value rather than maximizing profits and shareholder value at the center of business strategy’. The key differentiation in a competitive environment is often the delivery of a consistently high standard of customer service.

Forward contract - Theories of why a forward contract exists 1 Allaz and Vila (1993) suggest that there is also a strategic reason (in an imperfect competitive environment) for the existence of forward trading, that is, forward trading can be used even in a world without uncertainty. This is due to firms having Stackelberg competition|Stackelberg incentives to anticipate their production through forward contracts.

Hauptschule - Problems 1 In these areas, in many cases, the Hauptschule is not a school of first choice for a student and is attended by students, of whom is believed that they for a number of reasons may not profit from the more competitive environment of other schools.

Virtonomics - Gameplay 1 Virtonomics resembles Trevor Chan's business simulation game Capitalism 2. It simulates the basic principles and processes of businesses in a competitive environment. There are no predefined victory or failure conditions, and the game does not end. Players define their own end goals for the game, and try achieve them using strategy and tactics. Typically, the main goal is to build a successful business amidst competition.

New York Knicks - Rebuilding (2008ndash;2010) 1 At the introductory press conference, Walsh, while not proclaiming to be a savior, did set goals which included getting the team under the salary cap and bringing back a competitive environment

Ambidextrous organization - Two Models 1 However, in a high-competitive environment, balanced structures may be better prepared to deal with the constant need for alignment

Ambidextrous organization - Related Moderators 1 Although they were not directly testing an ambidextrous orientation, results indicated a positive performance effect of simultaneously pursuing exploitative and exploratory innovation under high dynamic and competitive environments

Ambidextrous organization - Related Moderators 1 Boundary conditions were also addressed on choosing between structural and contextual ambidexterity. For example, spatial separation was suggested as an appropriate solution for environments characterized by long periods of stability, disrupted by rare events of discontinuous change. Research also found that firms operating in dynamic competitive environments rely on contextual ambidexterity rather than developing spatially separated units (Jansen, van den Bosch, Henk Volberda|Volberda, 2005).

United States Air Force Academy - Athletics 1 The program is designed to enhance the physical conditioning of all cadets, to develop the physical skills necessary for officership, to teach leadership in a competitive environment and to build character.[ ent/pa/factsheets/athletic.htm Athletics, USAFA Fact Sheet, April 2006] The primary elements of the athletic program are intercollegiate athletics, intramural athletics, physical education, and the physical fitness tests.

PayPal Mafia - Legacy 1 An intensely competitive environment and a shared struggle to keep the company solvent despite many setbacks also contributed to a strong and lasting camaraderie amongst former employees.

Porter's four corners model - Strengths 1 Porter's four corners model provides a Conceptual framework|framework that ties competitor's capabilities to their assumptions of the competitive environment and their underlying motivations

École supérieure de commerce de Rennes - Masters and Executive MBA 1 *Rethink a company's strategy, structure, and processes and adapt them to a global and competitive environment

Historical European martial arts - Umbrella groups 1 In 2001 the Historical European Martial Arts Coalition (HEMAC) was created to act as an umbrella organization for groups in Europe, with 4 sets of goals: martial (reconstruct historical martial arts from primary sources; refine interpretations into viable, effective martial arts; test martial skills in a variety of competitive environments), research (locate, transcribe, translate primary sources; have a better understanding of the socio-historical context of the arts), outreach (promote and publicise HEMA; dispel misconceptions stereotypes; educate the general public) and community (establish a network of individuals and groups devoted to HEMA; foster close friendships and a sense of community among members; organise at least one annual HEMAC event). Since 2002, HEMAC has organized the annual International Historical European Martial arts Gathering in Dijon, France.

Jujutsu - Description 1 In jujutsu, practitioners train in the use of many potentially fatal moves. However, because students mostly train in a non- competitive environment, risk is minimized. Students are taught break falling skills to allow them to safely practice otherwise dangerous throw (grappling)|throws.

Electricity sector in Argentina - Policy and regulation 1 Argentine law guarantees access to the grid in order to create a competitive environment and to allow generators to serve customers anywhere in the country.

Gutzon Borglum - Background 1 Borglum was highly suited to the competitive environment surrounding the contracts for public buildings and monuments, and his public sculpture is sited all around the United States.

Tropical rainforest - Buttress roots 1 Instead of penetrating to deeper soil layers, buttress roots create a widespread root network at the surface for more efficient uptake of nutrients in a very nutrient poor and competitive environment

1973 energy crisis - Soviet reaction 1 This competitive environment, beneficial to the regional states involved, was mitigated sharply after

East Grinstead Hockey Club - History 1 In order to gain experience of playing in a more competitive environment the men's 2nd XI and 3rd XI both made their debut in the London Higgins League, with the 2nd XI finished in top half of the Premier Division, while the 3rd XI entered the League in Division 2 and won promotion to Division 1 by finishing second

Coxsone Dodd - Biography 1 With the success of his sound system, and in a competitive environment, Dodd would make trips through the US looking for new tunes to attract the Jamaican public

China Life Insurance - History 1 The increasingly competitive environment led to a need to change PICC's structure. In 1996, the company reorganized as a holding company, called PICC Group. Its operations were then broken up into three subsidiaries, PICC Life, PICC Property, and PICC Reinsurance. PICC Group initially operated under the control of the People's Bank of China.

The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones (soundtrack) - Box office 1 Executive producer Martin Moszkowicz blamed the weak opening in the United States on a strongly competitive environment, including competition from You're Next and The World's End (film)|The World's End, as well as strong holdovers The Butler and We're the Millers. Moszkowicz was confident saying it was still too early to call, with the film still rolling out release in more territories worldwide.

Southeastern Conference - SECU academic programs 1 The 'SEC MBA Case Competition' are graduate level competitions provide an opportunity for SEC business schools to showcase their students’ skills at solving simulated, real-world problems that cover the spectrum of business disciplines (e.g., organizational dynamics, budgeting, capitalization, competitive environment, etc.)

Pokémon Trading Card Game - Tournament Play 1 POP runs a season for these tournaments, which allows players to earn larger prizes and play in a more competitive environment in comparison to League

Ministry of Transport (Malaysia) - Objective 1 * To provide a competitive environment for the transport industry.

GSX-R - The first GSX-R 1 It was into this competitive environment that Suzuki dropped the first GSX-R, it too a 750cc model ready to race in the new size mandated by AMA Superbike rules

Financial Interest and Syndication Rules - Changes in Financial Interest and Syndication Rules 1 The fin-syn rules created two well-defined periods that might be considered characteristics of the multi-channel transition. First; rise of independent studios that provided a competitive environment. Second; media companies like The Walt Disney Company, Viacom (original)|Viacom, News Corporation and Time Warner made purchases that combined studio and networks to create new kinds of corporate entities.

Financial Interest and Syndication Rules - Changes in Financial Interest and Syndication Rules 1 Throughout the 1970s into the mid-1990s, the fin-syn rules broke a few network-era norms that created programming well before the adjustments to the multi- channel transition. This also led to the creation of a fluid competitive environment between network and studios, however this did not last long.

Economy of India under the British Raj - The absence of industrialisation during the colonial period 1 The above explanation contains a serious flaw. The analysis ignores the fact that under British rule, India did not operate in a free and competitive environment. Quite the opposite. Once British rule through the East India Company was consolidated by the late 1700s the British dismantled India's advanced textile industry that was in direct competition to the developing British textile industry.

Economy of India under the British Raj - The absence of industrialisation during the colonial period 1 Since the Middle Ages, Indian textiles such as muslin were revered around the world and were produced at a cost that the British and Europeans could not compete with. So once the British ruled India they did what they couldn't do in a freely competitive environment. They forcefully shut down the competition.

Cash crops - Sustainability of cash crops 1 Sustainable market transformations are initiated in which industry leaders work together in a pre-competitive environment to change market conditions

Grambling State University - Tiger Marching Band 1 *In 2006, Season of the Tiger, a six-part docudrama aired, following members of the Grambling State University (LA) marching band and football team during the football season. Produced by DAFT films and Black Entertainment Television (BET), Season of the Tiger was the second BET reality show to focus on life at a historically black institution (HBCU), and the first to highlight the competitive environment of marching bands at some HBCUs.

Gwadar port - Operations 1 In a highly competitive environment, in order to enable Gwadar to compete with its regional peers, the port fees was kept low by allowing a wide range of tax concessions to the PSA International to cut operational and business costs

Football in Thailand - Youth football 1 Bangkok Youth League provides the top level of youth football in Bangkok with a membership that includes teams from Thai Premiership Academies, such as BEC Tero and Chonburi Sharks, as well as local and International Academies such as iPlay Soccer Schools. It provides a structured, competitive environment for over 1000 players aged 6–16 years.

Christian Giménez (1981) - Argentina 1 From a very early age, Giménez was playing Association football|football in a competitive environment

Eurasian Land Bridge - Russia to China via Mongolia 1 This line's capacity, however, is limited by its being single-track.Economist Intelligence Unit; Hisako Tsuji, [ 0409e.pdf A competitive environment for linking the TSR TKR]

Harlequin F.C. - League rugby and the professional era 1 With the introduction of leagues in 1987 bringing a more competitive environment, the Quins maintained their status in the Premier Division as one of England's top 12 clubs until

Red vs. Blue - Seasons 9 10 (Project Freelancer) 1 The Freelancers were trained and ranked against each other, creating a highly competitive environment and leading to a rivalry between agent Carolina and agent Texas

Northwestel - Modern corporate history 1 Northwestel, as of 2007, is regulated more closely like all other companies in Canada — price regulation and a split rate base — that is appropriate to the highly competitive environment in which they operate; Northwestel does not have a split rate base, however.

Price gouging 1 The term is not in widespread use in Mainstream economics|mainstream economic theory, but is sometimes used to refer to practices of a coercive monopoly which raises prices above the market rate that would otherwise prevail in a competitive environment. m/cols/kudlow asp Alternatively, it may refer to suppliers' benefiting to excess from a short-term change in the demand curve.

Business Association of Stanford Entrepreneurial Students - Entrepreneurship bootcamp 1 Attendees present their business plans and products in a competitive environment, including a product showcase and pitch competition, attended by investors

Electronics industry in Bangladesh - History 1 Since 1994, after Bangladesh's integration into the free market agreement, all kinds of commodities including electronic products began to be imported freely, which created a competitive environment

Euhedral 1 'Euhedral' crystals are those that are well- formed with sharp, easily recognised faces. The opposite is 'anhedral': A rock with an anhedral rock microstructure|texture is composed of mineral grains that have no well formed crystal faces or cross-section shape in thin section. Anhedral crystal growth occurs in a competitive environment with no free space for the formation of crystal faces. An intermediate texture with some crystal face formation is termed 'subhedral'.

The Paper Chase (TV series) - Season 1 1 James T. Hart is a law student from rural Minnesota who enters the intensely competitive environment of Harvard Law School. He has chosen Harvard specifically to study with Professor Charles Kingsfield, the world's leading authority on contract law. Kingsfield inspires both awe and fear in his students in his unremitting determination to prepare them for the practice of law.

Banca Comercială Română - Strategy 1 The BCR strategy takes into consideration the current economic environment and the potential trends of the Romanian finance- banking market and decides that BCR must distinguish itself in a competitive environment by embracing an approach focused on the client’s needs.

David Starkey - Early years and education 1 Starkey blamed the episode on the unfamiliar experience of being in a highly competitive environment

Natalie Mejia - Candice Craig 1 Candice developed her talents in the competitive environment of Miami-Dade County’s Magnet Schools Program for the Performing Arts during her elementary and high school years

Neighborhood Playhouse - History 1 The Neighborhood Playhouse also offers Playhouse Juniors, a popular Saturday training program for children in grades Children attend a fixed curriculum of singing, acting and dancing classes in a non-competitive environment.

Premier League International Cup 1 The 'Premier League International Cup' is an English association football|football competition for U21 players from across Europe. gb/news/news/ /oct/premier-league- international-cup-launched.html It was designed to provide players in English Category One academies with the opportunity to match themselves against other elite European footballers from their age group in a competitive environment

Mill Valley Film Festival 1 The 'Mill Valley Film Festival' is an annual, non-competitive film festival presented by the California Film Institute. Known as a filmmakers’ festival, the annual 11-day festival, based in Mill Valley, California, offers a non-competitive environment for exhibiting the best cinema from around the world.

Strategic plan - Inputs 1 Inputs are gathered to help support an understanding of the competitive environment and its opportunities and risks

Strategic plan - Activities 1 Strategic planning activities include meetings and other communication among the organization's leaders and personnel to develop a common understanding regarding the competitive environment and what the organization's response to that environment (its strategy) should be. A variety of strategic planning tools (described in the section below) may be completed as part of strategic planning activities.

Strategic plan - Strategic planning vs. financial planning 1 Simply extending financial statement projections into the future without consideration of the competitive environment is a form of financial planning or budgeting, not strategic planning

Strategic plan - Strategic planning vs. strategic thinking 1 Further, strategic planning functions remote from the front lines or contact with the competitive environment (i.e., in business, facing the customer where the effect of competition is most clearly evident) may not be effective at supporting strategy efforts.

Het Laatste Nieuws - History 1 When television broadcasting started in Belgium in 1954, the competitive environment became more challenging and the newspaper had to modernize its activity

Rivadavia-class battleship 1 Argentina was able to play this hyper- competitive environment to its own advantage by rejecting all of the initial proposals and calling for new ones that required the best aspects of each

International Pharmaceutical Students’ Federation - Patient Counselling and Clinical Skills 1 Patient counselling is a primary duty of pharmacists as public health educators. Patient Counselling Events demonstrate and promote the importance of communication skills in drug therapy and disease management, in the patient-health provider relationship, and in encouraging concordance and compliance. Such events foster effective communication and patient interaction in fun and competitive environments.

Buena Vista University - ROTC program 1 The program is designed to give students tools, training and experiences that will help them succeed in any competitive environment.

Stefan Frei - Professional 1 Frei played started most games in the first half of 201 but faced some injuries, after resting a few games backup keeper Miloš Kocić strung together several strong performances creating a highly competitive environment at the position

Madame Berthe's mouse lemur 1 murinus) within a homogeneous competitive environment

Malay Annals - Significance 1 These chronicles became an important source of instruction for Melaka's successor regimes, as they enshrined the sanctity and authority of a Malay ruler (daulat), his role in maintaining the cohesion of the realm, and legitimated the increasingly absolutist visage these states adopted in the competitive environment

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