1-23 Shaping the Road Network for Road Injury Protection I MPLEMENTING THE R ECOMENDATIONS OF THE W ORLD B ANK /WHO W ORLD R EPORT IN I BERO -A MERICA AND THE C ARIBBEAN

2-19 T HREE CRITICAL ELEMENTS TO CONSIDER  Speeds on our roadways  Safer routes for Pedestrians, Cyclists, and Handicapped  Crash protective roadsides

3-23 C AUSE OF A CCIDENTS Human Factors (95%) Vehicle (8%) 2% Roadway (29%) 3% 4% 24% 2% 65%

A LL ROADS ARE SAFE AT LOW SPEEDS

5-19 A RBITRARILY LOW SPEED LIMITS DO NOT WORK

6-19 DIFFERENTIAL SPEED LIMITS DO NOT WORK EITHER

7-19 W E SHOULD CLASSIFY OUR ROADS, SET SPEED LIMITS BY ROAD FUNCTION, AND ENFORCE VIGOROUSLY  Preferably there would be no exceptions for  Geometric design problems  Narrow bridges  Land use

8-19 W E SHOULD CLASSIFY OUR ROADS AND SET SPEED LIMITS BY FUNCTION (1-2)  We should consider  Super highways*up to 110 km/h  Flow roads, interurban80 to 100 km/h  Distributor roads through cities50 to 80 km/h  Residential access road40 to 60 km/h * Not included in World Report

9-19 W E SHOULD CLASSIFY OUR ROADS AND SET SPEED LIMITS BY FUNCTION (2-2)  Super highways are access-controlled and pedestrians or cyclists should never be present*  Flow roads should have separate bike and pedestrian lanes  Distributor roads through cities have wide pedestrian and cycle facilities  Residential access roads should have ample sidewalks * Not included in World Report

10-19 S PEED H UMPS – EFFECTIVE SPEED CONTROL ?  A properly designed and constructed speed hump will tend to reduce the speed of cars and trucks  Improperly designed and constructed speed bumps damage cars, buses, etc. They limit response time of firefighters.  Proper speed bumps become a play toy for motorcycles creating speed variations that are dangerous  “Speed Pillows” are being used in Chile with some success

11-19 R OAD N ETWORKS, SOME REFLECTIONS ON F UTURE R OADWAYS  Future roadways  Require a modernization of standards  Require a modernization of safety knowledge  Even if we add 3 to 5% of new roads each year  After 10 years we still have 10,000 km of dangerous road infrastructure  If we continue to design with old standards we will have almost 17,000 km of dangerous roads which will be used by our great grandchildren

12-19 H OW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO MODERNIZE OUR STANDARDS ?  Most of our countries allow large and very large roadside sign supports adjacent to the pavements  Most of our countries use 1960 roadside barrier standards  These barriers may look good to the untrained eye  But, these barriers are death traps

13-19 O NE EASY SOLUTION FOR ROADSIDE BARRIERS  Simply require that all barriers, barrier terminals, and crash cushions be “Crash Tested” according to international standards  That way we can stop making new drawings each time a new product comes on the market

Containment Level Transverse Kinetic Energy (kj) N2 20º 110 km/h 1,5 t H1 15º 70 km/h 10 t TL5 15º 80 km/h 36 t TL4 15º 80 km/h 8 t TL2 25º 70 km/h 2 t H2 20º 70 km/h 13 t H3 20º 80 km/h 16 t N1 20º 80 km/h 1,5 t H4a 20º 65 km/h 30 t TL6 15º 80 km/h 36 t H4b 20º 65 km/h 38 t N2 EN 1317 TL3 NCHRP 350 TL3 25º 100 km/h 2 t 20º 100 km/h 820 kg 20º 100 km/h 0.9 t 20º 70 km/h 820 kg

15-19 A N E XAMPLE : C ABLE B ARRIERS  Tested to both EN and NCHRP standards  3.5 Km of median with cable barrier on each side, that is 7 km of barrier  Over 300 impacts in 5 years  No fatalities and no serious injuries  No median crossover accidents  Various motorcycle impacts, one fatal but not caused by cables  Only posts are replaced, original cables are still in use

16-19 H OW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO MODERNIZE OUR STANDARDS ?  Many of our drainage structures are deadly  We keep with the same design standards and no one knows why

17-19 R OAD N ETWORKS, SOME REFLECTIONS ON P RESENT R OADWAYS  Existing roadways  Pavement enhancements Speeds will increase Must be accompanied by other safety elements  Some roads may have to wait

18-19 MAINTAINING OUR INVESTMENTS  Barriers that are not repaired can not be expected to save lives  Crash cushion repairs may be as little as 5% of the initial investment  Crash cushions that are not repaired can be very dangerous and will be destroyed with a second impact

19-19 T HINGS THAT WE CAN DO RIGHT NOW  Make greater use of International Road Assessment Program (i-RAP) and Road Safety Audits to identify our needs.  Dedicate at least 10 to 20 % of our road budgets to:  Train ministry and other professionals  Upgrade the safety of existing roadways  Maintain existing road safety infrastructure  To conduct Research  To modernize our standards  Each highway agency must have an ongoing program for timely striping and signing of roads  Promote modern road safety education at our universities  Consider road safety throughout the design process and not as an afterthought  Ensure that road safety items will always be funded and not deleted from projects because we ran out of money