All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB ® Spreading STEP in Industry – A Practical Approach David Price March 2005

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB What’s this? For 15 years, STEP has been successful in many areas However, there are a many, large communities in need of systems integration standards where we’ve be unable to get STEP adopted and we need to understand “Why?” The following explains a practical approach for getting widespread use of SC4 standards-based systems integration There is an approach called “Viral Marketing” and this presentation applies those ideas to getting STEP adopted –See The Six Simple Principles of Viral MarketingThe Six Simple Principles of Viral Marketing by Dr. Ralph F. Wilson, E-Commerce Consultant Web Marketing Today, Issue 70, February 1,

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB The Six Simple Principles of Viral Marketing “A viral marketing strategy need not contain ALL these elements, but the more elements it embraces, the more powerful the results are likely to be. An effective viral marketing strategy:” 1.Gives away products or services 2.Provides for effortless transfer to others 3.Scales easily from small to very large 4.Exploits common motivations and behaviors 5.Utilizes existing communication networks 6.Takes advantage of others' resources

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Applying the Principles to STEP Gives away products or services –STEP documents must be freely available –Open-source tools needed to get people started Provides for effortless transfer to others –Successful implementations can recommend our Web sites Scales easily from small to very large –Need to package in a modular fashion and be extensible Exploits common motivations and behaviors –People Google or use Registries to find things and explore with open-source tools Utilizes existing communication networks –The Web! … let me repeat, The Web! Takes advantage of others' resources –Most software developers already know XML and many now know UML

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Phase 1 – Spreading the Word Be subtle about spreading STEP –Make STEP fit among other solutions so it does not seem that different Do not deliver a 2000 page AP or 200 module documents –There’s nothing subtle about that Make STEP free, simple and easily obtained –Don’t make people pay for STEP –Don’t force people to learn lots of new things before starting to use STEP

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Phase 2 – Developing the Word What else to do –Don’t scare people away, let them start with simple things –Others outside the usual STEP suspects must be able to transfer the ideas too How do we do that? –Publish using mainstream technology –Provide free implementers guides on the Web –Hide complexity as much as possible (i.e. only use complex solutions for complex problems) –For maximum transferability, use a flexible, extensible approach where possible

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Phase 3 – Delivering the Word Delivery of “Directions for STEP Use” need to be –written for XML implementers and use UML diagrams –Web sites in the tradition of existing software support sites On the Information Model itself –Starts like most other projects, with ARM-based implementations –Adopts a flexible, extensible approach Industry is moving towards a “reference model” and associated “taxonomy” to provide extensibility In SC4, that means “External Class” (or “Reference Data”) plays a key role

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Final Phase – Full-blown STEP This approach doesn’t quite get industry to adopt Full-blown STEP for the complex problems –The approach may not work in all circumstances Fixed, complex domains like geometry, FEA or EE are likely immune to our viral marketing strategy However, we can link this Viral Strategy to Full- blown STEP using well-defined algorithms –ARM-Mapping-AIM specify algorithm –Provide tools that transmit between STEP-lite and Full- blown STEP –The exff project is one open-source example of this

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Summarizing … This approach addresses the three main barriers to getting STEP used very widely –Implementer Guide Web site addresses ISO copyright –XML/UML addresses niche EXPRESS/P21 technology –Flexible ARM addresses complexity for simple problems Enables extension by industry/organizations where required This approach gets industry started down the STEP road in a useful way –The important semantics are captured in the ARM and External Class/Reference Data –Software can integrate this approach with AIM/P21

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB ISO and SC4 AP and modules AIM/P21 Wider Industry/Traditional STEP Boundary Implementation Guide Web Sites ARM/XML EXPRESS XML Schema UML EXPRESS engine UML/XML engine A New Role for exff ? Mainstream STEP-based Implementation Traditional Full STEP Implementation

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Recommendations (1) Within SC4 –Little formal SC4 activity is really needed –Recognize that for some domains a flexible, extensible ARM is a good modelling approach –Agree an approach allowing AP teams to standardize core External Classes as part of a module or AP –Realize the world has changed and support efforts to fit into it rather than forcing it to fit with us Years ago we had a vote on “Implementable ARMs” but that was before Modularization, EXPRESS-X, UML, XML, OMG MDA, etc … We can integrate these approaches now

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Recommendations (2) As outreach to others –Recognize that being an ISO standard has great benefits, but also has drawbacks that need to be addressed –Don’t try to force all implementers to use Full-blown STEP or choose something else, most will choose something else –Work on defining relationships to industry standards that make cooperative use work Particularly, where Taxonomies (i.e. External Class/Reference Data) are important

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB The Future An open, flexible approach is better for the future –OMG-standardized AP233 Web Services could reference the AP233 site directly –Open-source solutions to translation between standards is supported OMG SysML AP233 can be documented and implemented as an open-source project Marketing STEP has been difficult, this viral marketing approach seems like it can work –A strategy that just requires “seeding” and then perpetuates itself is all SC4 can really do

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB exff for modelling exff UML Classes XMI OWL Classes Poseidon UML CE Protege OWL Instances Java Stubs Etc. EXPRESS XML UML Class Diagrams

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB exff for data exff Poseidon UML CE Mind Manager AP233/9 P28 E2 XML Activity Decomp XML UML Use Case XMI UML Node Interfaces XMI

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Backup

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB AP Implementer Guide Diagram

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Describe AP XML Schema Elements Link to Section on Identification Link to Section on External Class Use

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Provide AP XML Examples Use STEPMod XML Schema – Consistent Approach Across APs = Interoperability

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Mappings Can Link to AP Web Site US DoD CADM Standard Doc Link to AP Section on Organization

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Activity Hierarchy (Mindmap) Operational Use Case (UML) Systems Interfaces (UML) STEP CADM STEP Backed up by demo implementations Simple CADM Browser

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Implemented by Tools Modeling Methods SADTHPOOSEOther Interchange Standards MOF/XMISTEP/AP-233 Other Architecture Frameworks FEAF Zachman FW DoDAFMoDAF Modeling & Simulation Standards UML/SysMLIDEF0OtherHLA ModelingSimulation Process Standards EIA 632 CMMI * ISO IEEE 1220 Context Diagram for Systems Engineering Standards This shows only one thread through these standards, others are necessary as well. DoDAF UML/SysML MOF/XMI CADM STEP/AP-233

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Brainstorming : Operational Activity Model - Decomposition

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Assign Nodes to Conduct Activity Actors added in UML Use Case Diagram

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Define Interfaces Between Nodes Interface added in UML Deployment Diagram

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB On Rules in XML There are languages for XML rules beyond XML Schema ISO/IEC Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) — Part 3: Rule-based validation — Schematron Here’s an example The element Person must have a Title attribute. The element Person should have the child elements Name and Sex. The element Name must appear before element Age. If the Title is "Mr" then the sex of the person must be "Male".

® All Presentation Material Copyright Eurostep Group AB Eurostep Free Tools EXPRESS text eep Graphical EXPRESS Graphical Instance P21 or OSEB XML EXPRESS XML EXPRESS-G Instance Diagrams