MORE MAPPING SKILLS Area Reference – 4 figure reference Grid Reference – 6 figure reference “L E N” L corner E Eastings N Northings

Different sorts of maps…..

Maps at different scales…. Large scale maps show a great amount of detail over a small area Small scale maps contain less detail over a large area

Density and Area

Unusual picture graphs

Aerial Photos Cause and effect Change Scale ….note with printing these are not to scale..

Calculating Vertical Exaggeration = Vertical Scale Horizontal Scale

Weather Maps

Three types of precipitation formation: (a)Orographic – warm moist air is pushed up by mountain barriers with heavy rain on the windward side and leeward side is drier. (b)Convectional – hot air rises to great heights on hot humid days forming cumulonimbus storm clouds (c)Frontal – Cold air blows onto hot moist air pushing it higher so it is forced to cool rapidly forming a line of cloud and possible rain.

Tropical Cyclones Where they occur and how they occur?

Cyclones, Hurricanes, Typhoons spin clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and Anticlockwise in the Northern Hemisphere….which one is Cyclone Larry that hit Queensland in 2006 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005?

Satellite Imagery and Synoptic Charts

The 1998 Sydney-to Hobart yacht race was the most disastrous event in the race's history. The fleet met a severe storm off the coast of southern NSW which caused the death of 6 people. Only 44 of the initial 115 yachts departing Sydney Harbour arrived in Hobart.

HURRICANES: The Sky before Katrina struck These pictures were taken in a town called Magee, in the state of Missississippi through which the eye of the storm passed. Magee is 150 miles North of Waveland, Mississippi where the Hurricane made land fall.

This is believed to be the storm surge from Hurricane Katrina it was pproximately 35 to 40 feet high. When it slammed into the beach front communities of Bay Saint Louis and Waveland Mississippi to completely destroy 99% of every structure along the beach for 9 miles and over a mile inland. The destruction only started there. The flooding that co ntinued inland destroyed the contents of all but 35 homes in these two communities of approximately 14,000 people. - characteristics of CYCLONES/HURRICANES/TYPHOONS – torrential rain, cyclonic winds, drop in air pressure, flooding from torrential rain and storm surge from sea; occur in tropical seas where warm ocean temperatures foster evaporation