A Computational Framework for Multi-dimensional Context- aware Adaptation Vivian Genaro Motti LILAB – Louvain Interaction Laboratory Université catholique de Louvain Belgium Pisa, June 13 th, 2011

Why adaptation?  Contexts of use vary  Multiple devices, platforms  Heterogeneous users  Domains of application  Many environments  Complex to implement specific versions of a system

Agenda  Motivation  Problem  State of the art  Methodology  Approach  Validation and Evaluation  Next steps

Motivation  Users interact from different contexts  Taking the context information into account in a way to provide users a better interaction  Regardless of environment, platform, profile and context of use

Problem  Considering a pre-defined context of use (able-bodied user, stable environment, desktop PC) may difficult or prevent user interaction  Implementing multiple versions of the same application requires a significant effort  Challenge: consider the context to provide users adapted interfaces with high usability level

State of the Art  Taxonomies  Modeling approaches (e.g. OWL for the context)  Machine Learning techniques  Architectures  Case studies  Limitations:  The approaches are not unified and consistent  They are limited (e.g. one dimension, or one platform at a time)

Methodology  Gather information  About context and adaptation with a Systematic Review  Implement adaptation algorithms  Techniques and inference  Map models of different abstraction levels  Case studies for evaluation and validation

Approach Multi-dimensional Context-aware Adaptation Framework Gathering Systematic Review Listing Techniques ModelsImplementation Machine Learning ValidationCase Studies Iterative Evaluation

References [Coutaz, 2006]; [Serna et al., 2010] Description Re-molding consists in the reconfiguration the UI according to the target context: elements can be re-located, re-sized, added and supplied. Pagination and scrolling may be used. Rationale Given a UI and a target context, the elements are re-arranged for the new context to assure usability Example When the user changes the platform (e.g. from a Desktop PC to a Smartphone) Context According to the platform, device, screen dimensions Advantages The usability level will be improved Disadvantage s It is necessary to know before hand the best location for the elements, some of them may be suppressed Source: Adaptation Technique: Re-molding

Modeling  UML and MOF diagrams

Machine Learning Bayesian Networks E.g.: To adapt the navigation by predicting and suggesting the next step to the user Decision Trees To perform adaptation rules according to the context of the user, adapts some system aspects Markov Models use previous information (e.g. history of user interaction) to predict the next step

Model-driven Approach Task and Domain Abstract UIConcrete UIFinal UI News Display Content TextImages Title Text Image [Serenoa] Serenoa is aimed at developing a novel, open platform for enabling the creation of context- sensitive SFE. Serenoa Lorem ipsum lorem ipsum lorem ipsum lorem ipsum

Evaluation  Evaluation plan  Combined techniques  Varied aspects  Multiple scenarios  Iterative  Different fidelity levels  User-centered design

Validation  Case studies  Different scenarios  To define the feasibility

Next Steps  Refine the techniques gathered  Define more complex adaptation  Rules, methods, techniques  Perform evaluation  Validate

Acknowledgments

Bibliography  [Alpaydin] Ethem Alpaydin (2004) Introduction to Machine Learning. The MIT Press, October 2004, ISBN  [Brusilovsky] Brusilovsky, P. (1996) Methods and Techniques of Adaptive Hypermedia. In Proceedings of User Model. User-Adapt. Interact ,  [Coutaz] Joelle Coutaz Meta-user interfaces for ambient spaces. In Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Task models and diagrams for users interface design (TAMODIA'06), Karin Coninx, Kris Luyten, and Kevin A. Schneider (Eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg,  [Dey] Anind K. Dey. (2001). Understanding and Using Context. Personal Ubiquitous Comput. 5, 1 (January 2001), 4-7. DOI= /s  [Dessart] Dessart C. et. al. (2011) Showing User Interface Adaptivity by Animated Transitions. EICS’11 (to appear)  [Serna et al., 2010] Audrey Serna, Gaëlle Calvary, Dominique L. Scapin. How assessing plasticity design choices can improve UI quality: a case study. In Proceedings of EICS'2010. pp.29~34

Questions?