Factors that Associated with Stress in Nursing Faculty in Thailand Terdsak Namjarern1, Bandit Thinkamrop2 1 The Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University 2 Departmaent of Biostatistics and Demography, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University

Background Stress is the one of basic factors that cause performance decrease. In the role of nursing faculty there are many factors that can cause stress, Which may affect the quality of personal development into the health care system.

Background However, previous studies have shown the stressful situation in registered Thai nurses but there were not found any study explored in an overall nursing faculty

Objective To determine factors that associate with stress in nursing faculty

Methods This study is part of the first wave survey of the Thai Nurse Cohort Study conducted in 2010 involving 18,765 nationally representative sample of RNs. Data collection was done via self-administered, mailed questionnaires.

Methods This paper included 554 nursing faculty who teach nursing in school of nursing either in public university or nursing colleges under ministry of public health. Nursing faculty who reported experiencing about job stress. Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis

INTRODUCTION Nursing faculty have been shown to have a deep sense of meaning and commitment to the discipline of nursing. Job satisfaction has an inverse relationship to job stress in the nursing literature, experienced faculty may not have the time to mentor novice faculty (Chung & Kowalski, 2012).

MATERIALS AND METHODS Study design: This paper is part of the Thai Nurse Cohort Study (TNCs). The TNCs was planned as a 20-year longitudinal cohort study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Study outcome: Primary outcome were experiencing about job stress reported by nursing faculty. Values of the variable were 4 level of rating scale and overall in average mean.

Statistical analysis: MATERIALS AND METHODS Statistical analysis: Demographic characteristics For categorical data described using frequency and percentage : gender, marital status, duration of work, employment upon started working, current and highest education attainment, specialized training under contracted scholarship, current status of employment, parenting burden, monthly income, debt, adequacy of income, other source of income.

Statistical analysis: MATERIALS AND METHODS Statistical analysis: Demographic characteristics For continuous data using mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, and maximum : age

MATERIALS AND METHODS Statistical analysis: To investigate factors that associated with stress, adjusted mean difference and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated using multiple linear regression.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Statistical analysis: All analyses were performed by using STATA version 10.0 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX). All test statistics were two-sided and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistical significant.

The inclusion flow chart Total number of registered nurses (N = 142,698) Sampled and mailed the Questionnaires (n = 50,209) 18,200 could not be contacted due to wrong addresses Contactable (n= 30,209) 11,453 could not returned questionnaires were excluded Returned questionnaires and enrolled (n= 18,756) 18,202 RNs who working as non nursing faculty were excluded Study participants (n=554)

Demographic Characteristics

Demographic Characteristics

Demographic Characteristics

Demographic Characteristics

Demographic Characteristics

Demographic Characteristics

Demographic Characteristics

Demographic Characteristics

Demographic Characteristics

Demographic Characteristics

Demographic Characteristics

Demographic Characteristics

Job stress activity In the assessment of stress level, which consists of 21 items for stress activity. Each items can be identified into four levels from no stress to get the most stress. Overall, the stress level of the nursing faculty had an average mean of 60.01 (SD=5.76, median=60, min=43, max=80) (Table2).

The crude analysis factors will be process into the final, multiple regression models were : Employment upon started working Duration of Work specialized training (for 4 month or longer) Not having been under contracted scholarship Parenting burden Adequacy of income Other source of income

Multivariable analysis Multiple Linear Regression indicated that factors which have association with stress in nursing faculty were Adequacy of income Parenting burden Specialized training (4 month or longer) Having been under contracted scholarship Employment upon started working Duration of work

Discussion This study found factors that associate with stress in nursing faculty .

Strength of the study The strength of this study was conduct in a large of sample sizes which could accurately represent the situation of stress in nursing faculty in Thailand.

Limitation of the study the questionnaires which use collected the data was created for several research purposes which was not specific in this study

Conclusions Nursing faculty in Thailand were at considerable for stress in their roles. One of the most importance factors is didn’t enough income, parenting burden, Didn’t have specialized training, having been under contracted scholarship, employment upon started working as non nursing faculty and duration of work.

Recommendations Recommendation for organization: Thailand Nursing Council should encourage and policy makers to deliver focused interventions to reduce stress in nursing faculty by recruited RNs with work experience to be a nursing faculty, provide training courses such as clinical teaching course, provide appropriate salary to their position and workload.

Recommendations Recommendation for future study : Should conduct a comparative study of nursing faculty stress in government universities, private universities and college of nursing under the ministry of public health.

Acknowledgements Thank to Associate Prof. Dr. Bandit Thinkamrop Dr.Cameron Hurst Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council

Thank you And Sawasdee