Heredity Chapter 29

Genetics Terminology Chromosome Homologous Chromosome Autosomal chromosomes Sex chromosomes Gene

Genetics Terminology Alleles Dominant Recessive Genotype Homozygous dominant (AA) Heterozygous (Aa) Homozygous recessive (aa) Phenotype

Sources of Genetic Variation Law of Independent Assortment

Independent Assortment

Sources of Genetic Variation Law of Independent Assortment Law of Segregation Crossing-over during Prophase I

Crossing-Over

Sources of Genetic Variation Law of Independent Assortment Law of Segregation Crossing-over during Prophase I Random fertilization

Sources of Genetic Variation Law of Independent Assortment and Law of Segregation results in: 8,388,608 or (2 23 ) different gametes produced by each parent Random fertilization combined with independent assortment and the segregation results in 70,368,744,000,000 or (2 23 ) 2 possible offspring Crossing-over during Prophase I the number of possible offspring jumps to: 4,951,760,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 or (4 23 ) 2

Types of Inheritance Dominant Recessive Inheritance Incomplete Dominance Multiple-Allele Inheritance with Codominance Sex-linked Inheritance Polygenic Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Examples of Dominant versus Recessive Traits

Co-dominance

Sex Chromosomes

Polygenic Inheritance

Solving Genetics Problems Be able to perform basic genetic problems using the Punnett Squares for each of the following types of inheritance: Dominant-Recessive Inheritance Multiple Allele with Codominance Sex-linked Inheritance

Genetic Screening Amniocentesis Chorionic Villi Sampling

Amniocentesis

Chorionic Villi Sampling

Genetic Screening Amniocentesis Chorionic Villi Sampling Karyotype

Karyotyping

Genetic Screening Amniocentesis Chorionic Villi Sampling Karyotype Pedigree Analysis

Genetic Disorders Non-disjunction Turner’s syndrome Klienfelter’s syndrome Down syndrome Triplo-X

Genetic Disorders Autosomal Dominant Neurofibromatosis Huntington syndrome

Genetic Disorders Autosomal Recessive Cystic fibrosis Tay-Sachs Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Genetic Disorders Sex-linked Colorblindness Hemophilia Duchene’s muscular dystrophy Male pattern baldness