8.1 The Language of Motion Some common words used to describe motion include: Some common words used to describe motion include: –Distance –Time –Speed –Position How would you describe the motion of the soccer ball before and after it is kicked? What key words did you use when describing this situation?

Direction Makes a Difference Two main types of quantities: Two main types of quantities: –Scalars: Describe magnitude but not direction. (Magnitude is the size of a measurement)  Example: Johnny walked 25 km –Vectors: Describe magnitude and direction.  Example: Johnny walked 25 km North Every time you use a map or give directions, you are using vectors.

Vectors vs. Scalars You can always tell if a quantity is a vector because there will be an arrow drawn above it. You can always tell if a quantity is a vector because there will be an arrow drawn above it. –Example: A scalar has no arrow. A scalar has no arrow. –Example:

Distance vs. Displacement Distance (d) is a scalar that tells you how far something has travelled. Distance (d) is a scalar that tells you how far something has travelled. –Example: –Example: Johnny ran a distance of 400 m Displacement (d) is a vector that describes your position relative to where you started. Displacement (d) is a vector that describes your position relative to where you started. –Example:. –Example: Johnny ran 400 m North of his home. We can measure both distance and displacement in metres (m). We can measure both distance and displacement in metres (m).

Example A car leaves home and drives 10 km to the store and then returns home. The car has driven a total distance of 20 km but its final displacement is 0 km.

Time Interval Time interval or change in time is calculated by: Time interval or change in time is calculated by: Where: Δt = change in time (the Δ symbol is the greek letter delta. It means “change”). t i = initial time t f = final time

The time interval to move from the fire hydrant to the sign is calculated by : Example

Displacement Displacement or change in position is calculated by: Displacement or change in position is calculated by: Where: = change in position or displacement = initial position = initial position = final position = final position

Displacement and Distance Between 2 s and 5 s, the skateboarder’s: displacement is 5 m [E] and distance travelled is 5 m.

Watch for Signs When using vector quantities, opposite directions are given opposite signs. Copy the following diagram in your notes: Common Sign Conventions

Watch for Signs Consider the following situation: …what is the person’s total displacement? ….what about the total distance travelled?

Watch for Signs Between 0 s and 15 s the person’s displacement is: = 10 m [W] – 5 m [E] = -10 m – 5 m = -15 m = 15 m [W]

Watch for Signs Between 0 s and 15 s the total distance travelled is: = 15 m + 10 m + 20 m = 45 m

8.1 The Language of Motion Time for some practice (homework): Time for some practice (homework): #1-3 pg.147, and #1-3 pg in BC Science 10 workbook #1-3 pg.147, and #1-3 pg in BC Science 10 workbook

Uniform Motion Uniform motion is a term that describes objects that do not speed up, slow down, or change direction. Uniform motion is a term that describes objects that do not speed up, slow down, or change direction. In other words, they travel at constant velocities (we will discuss velocity more later) In other words, they travel at constant velocities (we will discuss velocity more later)

Example The position of the ball in this photo is shown at equal time intervals. How would you determine if this motion is uniform motion? What would the picture look like if the ball was NOT in uniform motion?

More Examples…

Graphing Uniform Motion Motion of an object can be analyzed by drawing a position- time graph. Motion of an object can be analyzed by drawing a position- time graph. A position-time graph plots position data on the vertical axis (y-axis) and time data on the horizontal axis (x- axis). A position-time graph plots position data on the vertical axis (y-axis) and time data on the horizontal axis (x- axis).

Uniform motion is represented by a straight line on a position-time graph. Uniform motion is represented by a straight line on a position-time graph.

Positive Slope Slants up to the right. Slants up to the right. Indicates an object travelling in the positive direction (ie: North, East, to the right, up, etc.) Indicates an object travelling in the positive direction (ie: North, East, to the right, up, etc.)

Zero Slope Horizontal line. Horizontal line. Indicates that the object is stationary. Indicates that the object is stationary.

Negative Slope Slants down to the right. Slants down to the right. Indicates an object travelling in the negative direction (ie: South, West, to the left, down, etc.) Indicates an object travelling in the negative direction (ie: South, West, to the left, down, etc.)

8.1 The Language of Motion Time for some practice (homework): Time for some practice (homework): #1-7 pg.150, and #1-11 pg in BC Science 10 workbook #1-7 pg.150, and #1-11 pg in BC Science 10 workbook