DO-NOW- Brainstorm & free-write : You are King or Queen of England, with 13 colonies lying across the Atlantic in North America, under your rule. What rules and policies would you have in place for these colonies? Compile a list and support your ideas with reasons. TODAY’S AGENDA- Do-Now Notes & discussion on Mercantilism Worksheet on Merc. HOMEWORK- PERFECT YOUR BROCHURE PROJECTS Be prepared to present your information tomorrow in pairs Finish Mercantilism worksheet for Monday Thursday, September 25

The Original 13 Colonies

Reasons why England valued its North American colonies 1. The colonies supplied food and raw materials - $$$ 2. The colonies purchased large amounts of finished English goods - $$$

Reasons why England’s North American colonies could be problematic 1. Widespread, difficult to establish government 2. A great distance from England itself, also making government a challenge

Besides distance, what other reason did England have for neglecting its North American Colonies?

English Civil War Civil War from Civil War from Fought between King Charles I and Parliament Fought between King Charles I and Parliament King limited the powers of Parliament by demanding taxes of the people King limited the powers of Parliament by demanding taxes of the people King is beheaded! (by Parliament’s orders) King is beheaded! (by Parliament’s orders) Oliver Cromwell takes over, unrest ensues Oliver Cromwell takes over, unrest ensues Finally King Charles II takes the throne in 1660, restored stability Finally King Charles II takes the throne in 1660, restored stability

Economics War debts emphasized the need for the colonies to contribute to England’s overall economic health. War debts emphasized the need for the colonies to contribute to England’s overall economic health. The theory of Mercantilism was starting to become popular among the nations of Western Europe. The theory of Mercantilism was starting to become popular among the nations of Western Europe.

So, what is this “Mercantilism”?

Mercantilism A theory that a country should try to collect as much bullion (gold and silver) as possible, creating wealth and power. If a country sold more goods to other countries than it bought from them, it would acquire this bullion. Put Simply: To become rich, exports should exceed imports Put Simply: To become rich, exports should exceed imports

But how do the colonies fit in to Mercantilism?

England’s relationship with the colonies: Believed the Colonies existed to benefit the “Mother Country” England Believed the Colonies existed to benefit the “Mother Country” England England had started the Colonies and had the right to benefit from them England had started the Colonies and had the right to benefit from them And, Coming Soon… England would provide armies and ships during the French and Indian War to the Colonies. England would provide armies and ships during the French and Indian War to the Colonies. England developed a large debt during the French and Indian War to defend the Colonies. England developed a large debt during the French and Indian War to defend the Colonies.

Specific Purposes of the Colonies To establish British Naval Power To establish British Naval Power building ships building ships providing England with ship-related supplies providing England with ship-related supplies providing sailors providing sailors Keep money in the empire!! Keep money in the empire!! Providing raw materials Providing raw materials Providing other goods England could not produce Providing other goods England could not produce Tobacco Tobacco Sugar Sugar Etc. Etc.

Mercantilism England at first paid little attention to the colonies (civil war) England at first paid little attention to the colonies (civil war) Then Charles II came to power, Then Charles II came to power, Things changed! Things changed! England began exercising power over the colonies England began exercising power over the colonies First by punishing a defiant Massachusetts First by punishing a defiant Massachusetts

Mercantilism England at first paid little attention to the colonies (civil war) England at first paid little attention to the colonies (civil war) Then Charles II came to power, Then Charles II came to power, Things changed! Things changed! England began exercising power over the colonies England began exercising power over the colonies First by punishing a defiant Massachusetts First by punishing a defiant Massachusetts

Mercantilism In 1662, the England legalized CT, and in 1636, recognized RI In 1662, the England legalized CT, and in 1636, recognized RI Both of which took land from Mass. Both of which took land from Mass. Charles II then began to enforce and Issue the Navigation Acts! Charles II then began to enforce and Issue the Navigation Acts!

Navigation Acts 1651, 1660, 1663, and 1673 Reinforced Mercantilism Reinforced Mercantilism Colonies exports go only to England and her other Colonies Colonies exports go only to England and her other Colonies Imports from elsewhere must go through England Imports from elsewhere must go through England extra tax will be added extra tax will be added All goods (imports, exports) for the Colonies must be delivered by English ships. All goods (imports, exports) for the Colonies must be delivered by English ships.

Navigation Acts 1651, 1660, 1663, and 1673 England restricted the colonies from producing any goods also made in England! England decided could be produced in the colonies. Colonies are to complement England, NOT compete with England!!

Did the policy of Mercantilism Help or Hurt the American colonies?

It hurt the colonies!! The British could only buy so many goods The British could only buy so many goods This drained the American economy. This drained the American economy. The colonists had no money to buy what they needed if they could not sell their own products. The colonists had no money to buy what they needed if they could not sell their own products. All would have to go into debt to obtain these goods  All would have to go into debt to obtain these goods 

Apply your knowledge Complete the worksheet Complete the worksheet “Great Britain Controls Colonial Trade”

Stamp Act: Placed tax on newspapers and other legal documents. Stamp Act: Placed tax on newspapers and other legal documents. Sugar Act: Lowered taxes on products leaving the Colonies but raised taxes on imported goods. Sugar Act: Lowered taxes on products leaving the Colonies but raised taxes on imported goods. Currency Act: England has the right to set currency only. Currency Act: England has the right to set currency only. Townshend Act: Place taxes on colonial imports of everyday goods. Townshend Act: Place taxes on colonial imports of everyday goods. Declaratory Act: England has right to tax and rule over the Colonies Declaratory Act: England has right to tax and rule over the Colonies