Karthiknathan Srinivasan Sanchit Aggarwal BIOMETRICS Karthiknathan Srinivasan Sanchit Aggarwal

Overview What is Biometrics? Measures Biometric System Modes of Operation Modules Types of Biometric Recognition Applications Advantages/Disadvantages

What is Biometrics? Methods of identifying a person based on Physiological or Behavioral characteristic. Physiological- Hand or finger images, facial characteristic, speak verification, iris recognition. Behavioral- Dynamic Signature Verification and Keystroke Dynamics.

What Biological Measures Qualify to be a Biometric Universality- Each person should have the characteristic. Distinctiveness- Two persons should be different in terms of characteristics. Permanence- Characteristic should be invariant of time. Collectability- Characteristic should be measured Quantitatively.

Biometric Systems A biometric system is a pattern recognition system that operates by Acquiring Biometric data from an Individual. Extracting Feature Set from the Data. Comparing the Feature Set with the Template in the Database.

Operation Modes Of Biometrics There are two modes of operation. Verification Mode Identification Mode. Depending on the Application Context, Biometric System can work either on Verification Mode or in Identification Mode.

Block Diagram of Enrollment, Verification, Identification Phase

Operational Modes Contd. In Verification mode, the system validates the person’s identity by comparing the captured biometric data with the template stored in the database. This template is stored in the Enrollment phase. In Identification mode the system identifies the person by searching the templates of all users in the database for a match. One to many Comparison.

Modules needed to build a Biometric System Sensor module Feature Extraction module Matcher Module System Database Module

Sensor Module- It captures the Biometric data of an Individual Sensor Module- It captures the Biometric data of an Individual. An example can be a Fingerprint Sensor. Feature Extraction Module- Here the obtained biometric data of an Individual is processed to extract features. Example can be the Local ridge feature extraction from a Fingerprint. Matcher Module- Here the features extracted during the above phase are matched against the templates stored in the database. System Database Module- Used to Store Biometric templates of the users enrolled. The enrollment module is responsible for Enrolling Individuals to the database.

Types of Biometric Recognition Common Techniques Fingerprint Recognition Face Recognition Voice Recognition Iris Recognition Hand Geometry Signature Verification

Other Techniques Keystroke Ear Geometry Lip Motion Thermograms Retina Recognition

Fingerprint Recognition Taking an image of a person’s fingertips and storing the characteristics. Includes pattern matching Ridges Whorls Arches Furrows

Iris Recognition Camera technology Infrared illumination Mathematical-pattern recognition techniques

Facial Recognition Recording face images through a digital video camera. Analyzing facial characteristics like the distance between eyes, nose, mouth and jaw edges.

Applications ATMs Computer Login Online Banking National Security Elections Criminal Investigation Identification of missing people

Advantages Easy to maintain More robust than ID Cards, Passwords, PIN numbers, etc. Cannot be stolen or forgotten Single biometric protection for multiple logins

Disadvantages It can be very expensive The pattern matching might be inaccurate due to environmental conditions The stored biometric data might be vulnerable to malicious attacks Reproduction of biometric data by other people

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