Major Periods 1.Geometric Period BCE 2.Orientalizing Period BCE 3.Archaic Period BCE Athens has a representative government; every community (deme) had its own assembly and magistrates

4. Classical Period framed by the defeat of the Persians (479 BCE) and the death of Alexander the Great (323 BCE) Early Classical BCE destruction of the Persian fleet in the Straits of Salamis, 479 BCE 5th Century Classical BCE 1.Pericles rebuilds the Acropolis; he dies in 429 BCE 2.Sparta dominated the Peloponnese and much of the rest of mainland Greece; 3.Athens dominated the Aegean and became a wealthy and influential center of a maritime empire 4.The series of conflicts between Sparta and Athens became known as the Peloponnesian Wars ( BCE)

4. Classical Period (continued) framed by the defeat of the Persians (479 BCE) and the death of Alexander the Great (323 BCE) 4th Century Classical BCE Alexander the Great died in 323 BCE at the age of Hellenistic Period BCE Cleopatra died in 30 BCE

Temple of Hera I, Paestum, Italy c. 550 BCE

Doric order (an early version) columns with fluted shafts, but without bases, rest directly on the stylobate

Siphnian Treasury, Delphi c BCE

Kallikrates and Iktinos Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens BCE 5th Century Classical

Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens BCE Athena Parthenos the cult figure of Athena

Temple of Athena Nike Athens, c. 425 BCE

Tholos Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia, Delphi c. 400 BCE

The Ionic order has a frieze and a base as well as a different capital. The proportions of the Ionic order are more elongated.

Porch of the Maidens Erechtheion Acropolis, Athens BCE

Porch of the Maidens Erechtheion Acropolis, Athens BCE

Frieze from the Parthenon (interior Ionic frieze), c B.C.E. What does this idealized body signal to the viewer? Notice the contrast between the rider and the horse: what do you notice? What idea is being communicated? What seems to be missing?

Dying Warrior pediment sculpture Temple of Aphaia, Aegina c. 480 BCE marble, 6 feet Archaic Period

Centaur and Lapith Parthenon, metope relief c. 440’s BCE This sculpture from the Parthenon shows a Centaur rearing triumphantly over a dying human Lapith. This focus on human suffering epitomizes the intense humanism of Greek art. The sculpture also represents Greece's struggle to resist being absorbed into the Persian Empire. The Greeks had a strong notion of their own identity and regarded the Persians as barbarians like the Centaurs. The Parthenon was completed in 432 BCE on the site of an earlier unfinished temple destroyed by the Persians. s/9DWj8vP7RSmAqiuIbW4X8w s/9DWj8vP7RSmAqiuIbW4X8w

Anavysos Kouros c. 525 BCE Archaic Period

Kritian Boy 480 BCE Early Classical

Kritian Boy 480 BCE

Polykleitos Spear Bearer (Doryphoros) c BCE a marble copy height: 6’6” 5th Century Classical

Warrior A c BCE Early Classical

Myron The Discus thrower a Roman copy after the original bronze of c. 450 BCE marble height: 5’1” 5th Century Classical

Praxiteles Hermes and the Infant Dionysos

Dying Gallic Trumpeter Roman Copy after the original bronze of c. 220 BCE Hellenistic Period

Dying Gallic Trumpeter

Hagesandros, Polydoros, and Athanadoros of Rhodes Laocoon and His Sons marble height: 8’ ca. 200 BC Hellenistic Period

Alexander the Great left: head from a Hellenistic copy, possibly after a 4 th century original by Lysippos right: 4-drachman coin issued by Lysimachos of Thrace

Coin with head of Alexander This coin was issued by Lysimachus, the former general of Alexander the Great. After Alexander's death, Lysimachus ruled part of Alexander's empire in Bulgaria, northern Greece and Turkey known as 'Thrace'. Lysimachus used Alexander's portrait on his coins to emphasize his position as Alexander's successor. Alexander was worshipped as a god after his death. Here he sports the ram's horns of the god, Zeus Ammon, whom Egyptian priests claimed was Alexander's father. On the reverse of the coin is the goddess Athena. Alexander was born in the kingdom of Macedon in 356 BCE. By the age of 25 he had conquered Greece, Egypt and Persia, creating an empire spanning 2 million square miles. Following his death in 323 BCE, Alexander's generals began to squabble over his legacy. Since they could not claim a blood- tie, these generals tried to legitimize their rule through other connections with Alexander. Eventually they divided the empire into three main kingdoms in Macedon, Egypt and Persia and went on to form powerful dynasties. cy8iCRxSgI9I-rbVadg cy8iCRxSgI9I-rbVadg

Praxiteles Aphrodite of Knidos height: 6’8” original marble of c. 350 BCE 4th Century Classical

Aphrodite of Melos or Venus de Milo c. 150 BCE Hellenistic Period

Nike (Victory) Adjusting Her Sandals fragment of a relief decoration Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, Athens Last quarter of the 5 th century BCE

Nike (Victory) of Samothrace from the sanctuary of the Great Gods, Samothrace c. 190 BCE This work was probably created to commemorate an important naval victory – perhaps the Rhodian triumph over the Seleucid king Antiochus III in 190 BCE; was originally positioned on the prow of a ship.

Nike (Victory) of Samothrace c. 190 BCE

Funerary vase c. 750 BCE Geometric Period

Panathenaic amphora ca. 530 BCE Archaic Terracotta Panathenaic amphora ca BCE Archaic Terracotta

The Suicide of Ajax c. 540 BCE

Death of Sarpedon c. 515 BCE

Artemis Slaying Actaeon c. 470 BCE